bw. COWAN, 30 K 81, NEW BRIDGE STREET, LUDGATE CIRCUS, LONDON.

— = = ‘ 2 4 - ETR

A fy

\ j \ C p% j ESSA ae o EE E T a ne UE E a SS Se se

| eer a ee l (| $8450.95

: i IYS \ oai 1894-88 N y Vi |

; LLEEUSTRATED

DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

7 | > A PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC

a + of + Horticulture

ee ee

FOR

GARDENERS AND BOTANISTS.

EDITED BY

GEORGE NICHOLSON,

merae a m ai 7 Of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

i EEN a ‘i AssĪBTED BY Provaeies J. W. H. TRAIL, A.M., M.D., F.L.S., IN THE PARTS RELATING TO. INSECTS AND FUNGI;

p AND J. GARRETT IN THE FRUIT, VEGETABLE, AND GENERAL GARDEN WORK PORTIONS.

E3

Division I.—A To CAR.

» PUBLISHED BY

L. UPCOTT oud 170, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

GENERAL AGENT,

Missour! BOTANICAS « GARDEN Linrars

ia corn

eae as

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

P.R EFACE.

It is .to. be te that earnest efforts to attain Soong

E rt ar sand ottia wi Hooker’s recenily-completed hes ; that work being the one

. gs. i A species, I have is to ona ‘Sai

hy eee and raa and to mn the names

PREFACE.

w

science in which he has Ne Been spe cially “interested, and in whick? > is “undoubted authority. j z e ; i ;

*

appertains 4 to Florists’ E and for ae Gardes Work. on many special subjects — - Begonias may be cited as an example E

for much assistance to Mr. W. Warsoy, also of*the Royal Gardens, Ke Miso, B. Hester, ALS,

the article Begonia, in its entirety, was written by him. has, oe ae given me aid and. advice ; > aud] hiss to aicknowledge constant help

ay ih

i

An Encyclopædia of Dorticulture. 3 p |

Ss

DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

The following are the Abbreviations used :—f. flowers; fr. fruit; rhiz. rhizomes; cau. caudex ; sti. stipes.

The Asterisks (*) indicate plants that are especially good or distinct.

l. leaves; h. height; deg. degrees ;

A. In compound words from the Greek the initial a

; acaulis, without a stem, &e.

S ROD. See Verbascum Thapsus. ABELE TREE. Nai Poplar. See Populus

ABELIA sare] ile Dr. Clarke Abel, Physician to Lord Amherst’s Embassy to China, in 1817, ‘and author of a “Narrative of a Journey to China” (1818); died 1826). Sika, Caprifoliacee. tubular, funnel-shaped, five-lobed. Leaves petiolate, den- tately crenated. Well suited for the cold greenhouse, either s trellis or pot plants; free-flowering when well grown, and of easy culture. May be treated in sheltered and warm climates as hardy; and can be grown out of doors during summer in less favoured spots. Théy thrive ~ ina compost of peat and loam in equal parts, to which a * small quantity of silver sand may be added. Increased by cuttings in summer, and by layers in spring, under floribunda and rupestris,

ee La

ered).* . Tosy- urple, about 2in. long, clusters. March, l opposite, 0 oblong. h. 3ft. Mexico, ms best and freest flowering evergreen species. Sept C A sona pera small, in pairs at s of leafy ma a reddish oblong. h. 5ft. China, 1844. A shrub.

ve pe yh lag > elgg id hairs. ber. ps ena

has nsnaliy a privative meaning; as aphyllus, without

BEARD. Se Hypericum caly-

Very ornamental shrubs. r

way; applied in natural history to species or genera that deviate from the usual characters of their :

ABIES (from abeo, to rise; alluding to the iain habit of growth of the tree; or, according to some, from apios, a Pear-tree, in allusion to the form of the fruit). Spruce Fir. The synonymy of this genus is much confused, plants belonging to several genera being ho quently referred to Abies in nurserymen’s catalogues and gardening periodicals. ORD. Conifere. A -genus of © about twenty-five species, widely distributed over the — mountainous regions of the Northern hemisphere. Cones cylindrical, or but slightly tapering, erect; catkins gener- ally solitary; the carpels not thickened at the tip; and the leaves solitary, partially scattered in insertion, and = more or less two-ranked in direction. Seales deciduous, oe falling off as soon as the seed is ripe, leaving the axis on the tree. All the es bear seeds at a compara- tively sang age; most are perfectly hardy. For general

lovely).* shoots rather rig “pated amabilis (o PL with prelen furrowed, with elom- don scattered, crowded, ljin. to 2in. long ; linear obtuse, dark above, silvery beneath. The cones are described as cylindric:

and about bin. long. hk. 180ft. California, 1831. A

conifer, very massive in appearance, i A. baborensis.* l. linear, dark silvery on

surface, very numerous, those of E Tito r. ixanchen e

ointed, and those of the aancha more ro obuso” so and p

in. to lin. long. cones erect, cylindri i

our or five, Sin. to Bin. long, and abou té

reniform, ree

bract. A. to ott. Algiers, 64,

bag, e tin tree. Syn. A. Numidica

alm of Gilead Balsam Fir).* pex aa =o Sunt wen z

4 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Abies— continued.

lyin. in length ; lower ones longest, obtusely pointed or emar- `

, bright green above, with two silvery lines beneath. cones ginate 4in. long, purple. A. 120ft. introduced magnificent fir, with an erect stem, regularly whorled horizontal branches.

A. bracteata (bracted).* 7. rigid, linear, flat, distichous, 2in. to 3in. long, bright glossy green Above, and glaucous beneath. cones about 4in. ig with the bracts developed into long rigid leaf-like linear spines, 2in. gg ad E cee curved inwards. h. 25ft. Southern California, 1 ry handsome tall slender tree,

= put, owing to its very early sowie of 4 injured by the spring frosts,

A, Brunoniana (Brown’s). Synonymous with Tsuga Brunoniana.

A. canadensis (Canadian). A synonym of Tsuga canadensis. —

w shoots, it is much

A. cephalonica es ere A l. subulate, flat, dark green |

above, and silvery beneath, acute. cones erect, cylindrical, green when’ young, afterwards reddish, and brown when ripe, 5in. to 6in. in length, and about 14in. in diameter; scales broad, thin, and rounded, shorter than the bracts. h. 5Oft. to 60ft. Mountains

of Greece, 1824. A. very desirable tree for growing in exposed situations.

A, cilicica (Cilician). Z. linear, slightly curved or straight, lin. to lyin. long, dark greenabove, and glaucousbeneath, crowded, in two ranks. cones cylindrical, — yh a long ; scales broad, thin, entire, coriaceous. A. 40ft. Mount Taurus, in Asia

This species seldom produces a good pomana tree in England, and cannot, therefore, be recommen cultivation.

A. concolor (one-coloured).* J. linear, flat, obtuse, ms, glanoj green, distichously arranged 4 in double rows, those in th er rows 2in. to 3in. long, upper ones shorter, channelled Abao: cones © oq drical, obtuse stk At bane and top, ae to bin. long, Zin. to

diameter ; scales numerous, im ricated , larger than the bracts.

h. 80ft. to 150ft. California, &c., 1851. A very beautiful pec

with yellow bark on the young i e SYNS. A. lasioca

A, Parsonii.

A, Douglasii (Douglas’). A synonym, ' Pseudotsuga Douglasii. _ A, dumosa (short-leaved). Synonymous with Tsuga Brunoniana. Aana A oieee ihe oe mmc

Afi 3 EB ae:

obtae at eth e into yr ng ong imbri beari eaten ro th nae engl

Fortune’ ’s). It is said that in its native country, its

aspect is rather than handsome, and that but one living

representative is believed to be in existence in this country—at

Veitch’ ae rics SYN. Ketcleeria Fortunei.

_ A. Fraseri (Fraser’s). Double Balsam Spruce Fir. 7. linear, emarginate, silvery beneath. cones oblong, squarrose, somewhat leafy, obcordate, mucronate, half e: ted, reflexed, h, 30ft. to 40ft. North Carolina, 1811. This species closely resembles A. - balsamea, from which it differs in having shorter and more erect Bian and smaller cones.

encts, da, obtuse * J, in double rows, on each side of the heaton, obtuse, a pectinate, silvery beneath, from jin. to lin. long. cones lateral, solitary, c hpr ppe y obtuse Aae larmeto apex, ĝin. to. 5in. long, 2in. wide; bracts ovate, L’ A andso dentate, very short. h. d . Califor- ew nia, 1331. ome tree of symmetrical habit, and rapid

At aa i Grosity-coned) Synonymous with A. concolor,

A, MaETIRES Ctseniscent). * 7, densely crowded, two-rowed, lin.

nearly 2in. long, olive green, very. glaucous on the upper

pat < ince wie young, becoming duller with age, and marked with

two silvery lines beneath. cones 6in. to Tin. long, 24in. to 3in. in

it A fen lands tly species, wit a North California, erg at successive

Sees ob je species, ve intervals,

_linear-oblong, peat: apex AoA. in. to not qui! ovate, oblong, retuse. cones ji cylin a "Shin, to Sie long, 1}in. to 2in. wide, narrowed i at the base and sh urple; scales entire, nearly lin. wide, not so as wide. apan, 1879. A tall, pyramidal tree.

A. Mertensiana (Merten’s), Synonymous with Tsuga Merten-

` siana. - i (vermilion). Synonymous with Picea eremita, ] (Morinda). Synonymous with Picea Morinda. 3 nobilis (noble).* 2 linear, mostly on Ausi ‘side of the branct

short, acute, silvery beneath, 1 žin. long. cones i gy So a bain. long, 23in. broad, papain! 3s “Sata, moro long, and the t

om ios 8 imbri Pg or “Ininutely bifid at the apex, o on young trees in two ro oe o base, lin. long, ee ee

Japan, 1870. <A recently ©

ed for general

iyi h ge AALA

` A. subalpina (sub- alpine). * On the high mountains of Colorado,

| A genus of stove or greenhouse plants, having solitary . axillary dicecious flowers, and finely divided leaves. - The

backwards, mbie k pe mi fi long. Sau es

(Nordmann’s).* 7, m aa Hnes, rigid, flat, and: | or pans of light soil early in April; > Ceea plants oan

Abies—continued. ` anregen 4in. to bin. long, and ny to 23in. aie bracts e, coriaceous, three-lobed, frin tly exceeding the scales. k. 80ft. to 100ft. mime EC eei A magnificent and stately tree, of regular growth. A. Numidica (Numidian). Synonymous with A. baborensis.

A. obovata (reversed-egg-coned), A synonym of Picea obovata.

A. orientalis (eastern), Synonymous with Picea orientalis. |

A. Parsonii (Parson’s). Synonymous with A. concolor. Fe. |

A. pectinata (comb-like).* Z. linear, solitary, flat, obtuse, stiff, q turned-up at the points, two-ranked, 4in. to lin. long, shining | green above, with two lines of silvery white on each side of the E | midrib beneath. cones axillary, cylindrical, erect, 6in, to Bin. long, lżin. to 2in. broad, when ripe, brown; scales with a lo —_ l bractea, iin. to lin. long, and 1łin. broad. * h. 80ft. to 1 a very noble silver tir, of slow growth when young only. . Central F Europe, 1603. There are several unimportant varieties of this splendid species.

A. Pindrow (Pindrow). In its native home, the Himalayas, this is jena! | beautiful tree, attaining the height of 150ft., but it jae

merally failed in England, in comseunaay4 of our late spring rosts destroying the young growth. — It pomos, very near A,

Webbiana, but is readily distin hed by its longer and acutely bidented leaves, and s er cones.

A. Pinsapo (Pinsapo).* The Spanish Silver Fir. 1. linear, dered around the branches, nearly terete, and entire at the apex, not quite şin. long, bright green, With faint silvery lines on the inner side. rae sessile, oval, or oblong, 4in. to Stin. long, about’ 2in. wide; bracts short, concealed by the broad rounded scales, h. 60ft. to 80ft. South Spain, , 1839. A very magnificent species, very regular and symmetrical in habit. The one or two echt offered for sale are not desirabl e.

= en 4in. Aesse I ft rere wn, cones sik note sr This is a UW species, pe ere Sat en tree for lawns. A. religiosa iene er ia he gee oblong. h. 100ft. to ] Oft. M A enol me species, but not hardy in Aae ETE | ae slightly more long, ea istad to Oe e side, rigi eT ear, : e, erect, ied bluntly ounded at the

apex, 3in. long, lin. wide; scales transversely oblong, perime inflexed, denticulate; bracts 4in. wide, = long, ee" te, terminating in a reflexed angular point, exceeding the

Seale. Japan, 1879. A tall pyramidal robust species.

A: Schrenkiana (Schrenk’s). Synonymous with Picea Schrenk- iana.

A. sibirica (Siberian), Like the last, this species is not recom- — mended ; its growth is very slow, even under the most favourable circumstances. Siberia.

A. Smithiana (Smith’s). A synonym of Picea Morinda.

&e., a tree 60ft. to 100ft. in hamt Has not been long eno: h ea English gardens for any decided opinion to be formed as

merits as an ornamental tree. A. Tsuga (Tsugan). A synonym of Tsuga Sieboldi, koI (Veitch’s).* l. crowded, lateral oni A y haio istichous manner, those on the upper side m shorter and — S D henediere ‘sin. to lin. long, linear, flat, glaucous above, silvery th ; emarginate on the sterile brane! on the fertile ones. cones erect, sub-cylindrical, purplish 210 2żin. long, Zin. to nearly lin. wide; scales hi densely packed, each enclosing a 4 jong as the malo; CA Oe » Deseri as a perfectly hardy ; it should be planted on elevated arn | E. the south or south-east. _ A. Webbiana (Webb's) l two-rowed, linear, flat, obtusely

long. cones cylindrical, Siin, to fin; sk -r scales kidney-

l, im Maa., about lin, long, iculate. - TOR 18 90ft. Hima- dsomi dal tree, with

ing horizontally, much divided, and

(Williamson’s). A synonym of Tsuga Pattoniand. : ABOBRA (its Brazilian name). Orn. Qucurbitacee.

species in cultivation is a very pretty half-hardy

only climbing perennial, having a fleshy root about 1ft. or more — eA surface of tho soil. It thrives well in warm

sunny spots, and in a light soil; seeds may be sown in pots be agas out about the middle of ay

AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA

OF HORTICULTURE. 8

© Abobra—continued. tuberous roots may be stored during winter in a green- house or frame. See also Gourds.

een-flowered). ale green, f nt; femalés

ed by Ans oval scarlet rier which are about tas large asa

> Ey l. dark green, glossy, much divided into narrow segments,

~ South America. A rapid growing plant, admirably adapted for

- training over arbours or trellis-work. It isa very pretty form of ornamental gourd. ë

ABORTION. An imperfect formation, or the non-

formation of an organ; any fruit or produce that does not

come to maturity, or anything which fails in its progress

before it is matured, frequently from a defect in the male

or female flowers. ABRAXAS GROSSULARIATA. See

berry or Magpie Moth.

ABRICOCK. A former mode of writing r

ABROMA (from a, not, and broma, food ; from its un- wholesomeness). ORD. Sterculiacew. Handsome, free- Sonaria evergreen trees, with hairy lobed leaves, and extra axillary or terminal few-flowered peduncles. Of easy. i alihi a dlrs temperature, in loam and peat soil.

Propagated or cuttings, the former sown in March, latter sale tai anaes Lalt-ipened wood, and placed gy s bel

th-stalked).* fl. purple, drooping.

A. (smoo' ‘augue Weer cordate, three to five lobed; upper, ovate- lanceolate, undivided. h. oft. East India, 1770.

A. fastuosa (prickly-stalked). jl. dark purple. June. J. lower, 4 cordate, acutely five lobed; upper, ovate, entire. h. 10ft. New a. Holland, 1800. _ ABRONIA (from abros, delicate; referring to its in- volucrum). Sand Verbena. ORD. Nyctaginacee. A small genus of seven species, mostly natives of California, four of which only are known in general cultivation. They are

Goose-

Fic, 1. ABRONIA guns iatiihowing Flower and Habit.

dwarf trailing habit, producing showy blossoms in } verbena-like clusters. Corolla funnel- shaped ; limb They succeed best in light sandy soil, in a posi- ; if well drained, the rockery is perhaps Increased by seeds, the outer skin of which off before sowing; sow during autumn in and keep in a frame until the follow- be placed in their flowering set in spring, and also in

_ A. arenaria (sand-lovin acl p> ers a Rg oean

yeas ta e aa f. pale purple, bu

Abronia—continued.

fragrans ( (fragrant).* ure white, in terminal and axilla clusters, very delicately Ea am inh expanding in the andin. May. 1865. A perennial, more or less erect in growth, taming large branching tufts from lft. to 2ft. high. Imported seeds only of this species will grow.

A. latifolia (broad-leaved). A synonym of A. arenaria. A. pulchella (pretty). Jl. pink. July. A. 6in. 1848.

A, rosea (rose-coloure: ñ. rose-coloured, June. &. 6in, 1847, An unimportant specie

A. umbellata (umbel- flowered).* fl. rosy me in mem terminal clusters, slightly scented. April. l oval or oblong h. bin, to 24in. 1823. An elegant prostrate half-hard ; but under eg a culture it isa perennial. SYN. Epiru p akar ag ABRUPT. Suddenly terminating, as abruptly pinnate;

when pinnate leaves are without a terminal or odd leaflet. ABRUS (from abros, soft, in reference to the extreme

softness of the leaves). ORD. Leguminosæ. A very orna- mental and delicate much branched deciduous stove climber, whose roots have the virtues of the common liquorice.

Leaves abruptly pinnate, bearing many pairs of leaflets.

Requires a strong heat to keep it in a growing, healthy

condition, and to flower it well; and thrives best in sandy

loam. Increased by cuttings under a hand glass, in sand, or seeds raised in heat. -shaj anean

Pn black s spot at the base, ‘od i by the dhi: o rig rosaries, whence the name. March to : l. leaflets ligulate, ong. h. 12ft. East Indies, 1 :

Varieties are now then met with having rose coloured or white flowers.

ABSORPTION. The action by which liquids and gases become incorporated with various bodies, molecular or other invisible means, to which function all parts of a growing plant contribute, the roots more especially.

ABUTA (native name). ORD. AS ~ E strong growing ornamental stove evergreen climber. Used medicinally in Cayenne. Flowers diccious, | males racemosely panicled; females loose sar simply racemose. It grows freely in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of — sand, with a hand glass placed ofan thom, in heat. About half-a-dozen species are known, —

the oute

og Aido dark perp Hepp hae ag

h. 10ft. Cayenne, 1820. ae

ABUTILON (Arabic name for a paint aua to the Marsh Mallow). ORD. Malvacee. Very showy, de- corative, and free-growing shrubs, both for the greenhouse and outside culture. Calyx naked, five-cleft, usually — angular; style multifid at apex. The many beautiful hybrids (of which Fig. 2 represents a group) now in cultivation, far supersede the true species. Culti- vation: Few plants are more easily grown, and worthy of liberal treatment than these. The best soil for them is equal parts turfy loam, peat, and leaf mould, with — some gritty sand. They may either be grown in pots or planted out; but in all cases thorough drainage is indis- pensable, as they require an abundance of water, and stag- nancy must be guarded against. At the end of May the may be planted outside, when they will flower p: through thesummer. Ina free growing and flow i they enjoy weak manure water. From the latte autumn till early spring they may be kept al

conservatory

out injury, though in a warm ; : struck plants will go on flowering th ae pes part of the winter; or plants may be specially prepared for winter flow They are admirably adapted for forming standards ‘of various heights, iin 2ft. to 6ft. Some of the taller sorts are very useful for taie andi

A, THE DICTIONARY

OF GARDENING, >

Abutilon — continued.

of the young wood, at almost any season; the best time, however, is early spring and September. Inserted in pots, in a compost of equal parts peat, leaf mould, loam, and sand, and placed in a temperature of from 65deg. to 70deg., they wili then quickly root, and form good plants. Seeds may be sown in pans filled with soil as recommended for cuttings, and placed in a similar temperature. Those fol- lowed by a dagger (t) are the best for training to pillars, roofs, &c.

A. Bedfordianum (Bedford’s). fl. yellow and red. November. l. deeply-lobed. A. 15ft. Brazil, 1838.

A. Darwini (Darwin’s).t* fl. bright orange, with darker veinings, fine cupped form. April. l. large, broad. h. 4ft. Brazil, 1871. A handsome species, of good habit, equally suitable as a stove or greenhouse plant during winter, and for outdoor culture dur- ing summer months, There are a great number of garden hybrids from this.

A. globiflorum (globe-flowered). f. solitary, large, globose,cream-coloured. November. /. on long stalks, cordate, pezat, h. 4ft. to 5ft. Mauritius,

A.igneum (bright). Synonymous with A, insigne,

A. insigne (handsome-fiowered).* f. large, purplish crimson, with dark venation, in axillary pendulous racemes; petals short, broad, much reflexed. Winter. 1 @arge, cordate, thick, rugose Stem deep green, with short brown hairs. A. 6ft. New Grenada, 1851. Syn. A. igneum. See Fig. 3.

A. segnpetiious (hig river).t* f small, bell- ped, sopie beautiful, Fms sepals being T petals owl ae ye and stamens dark brown. Au and winter. l. small, pointed. A. 3ft. Rio Grande, 1864. A free-flowering species, with a drooping habit ; the shoots should well — in during spring. Syn. A. vezil-

rium.

A. pæoniflorum (pzony-flowered). E pink, smaller than those of A. insigne, but very distinct. January. l. large, ovate. h. 6ft. Brazil, 1845.

A. pulchellum (pretty).t* /. white, on few- A rered axillary racemes. July. l cordate, unequally crenated, downy beneath. A. 8ft. Habit very branching. New Holland, 1824.

A. striatum (striped).* fl. orange yellow, with a thick veining of blood-red, on long curving stalks. l. large, lobed, on long slender petioles. Brazil, 1837. A free grower, and makes an excellent greenhouse plant. In sheltered posi- tions, in the south-west of England, this species prne to be almost bardy. It requires to be freely pinched. A very continuous bloomer.

Thompsoni ompson’s). fl. striated yellow, large. T Samea lL small, vine-like, richly mottled with yellow and dark green. edt. or 4ft. Habit very neat and erect.

A. venosum (veined).+* A. orange, with red veins, very large, shaped, din. long; pedicels nearly 12im. long. July. l large, deeply palmate. R. 10ft. splendid species is distinguished by its unusually large fiowers.

A. vexillarium (standard), Synonymous with A. megapotami- cum.

vitifolium (vine-leaved).* f porcelain blue, large, cu ‘

gh l cordate, five to seven lobed, assuming, towards the autumn, a fine golden hue. A. Xft. Chili, 1837. This fine shrub.

- or tree, is hardy in Ireland and the south of England, but should have a protection from frost. It is not a fast grower.

The following are some of the best varieties, which, although they do not include all the newest sorts, yet afford à good selection of first-rate kinds, which will give general satisfaction. They are arranged according to their respec- tive colours. Those marked with a dagger (+) are best for roofs and pillars.

AUREUM GLOBOSUM,* flowers

flowered. deep orange, per red shaded, of medium size, with good form and sub- stance ; DARWINI MAJUS,* bright orange, deeply veined, extremely

Red and C

Abutilon—continued.

free, and of good form and size ; FLEUR D'OR, light orange, veined pale red, very free and dwarf; GRANDIFLORUM,* deep orange, red shaded, deeply veined with red, a robust, ee variety ; LEO, flowers pale below, deeper above, red-veined, of medium size ; PRINCBOF ORANGE,!* a strong grower, and very free,

Ornamental-foliaged. DARWINI TESSELATUM,!* foliage mottled with yellow, invaluable for sub-tropital bedding ; SELLOWIANUM MARMORATUM,* very large maple-like foliage, heavily mottled with bright yellow, a most effective variety ; THOMPSONI, leaves very freely blotched with puar: VEXILLARIUM IGNEUM,ł* very free of good habit, prettily blotched. All these ornamental-foliaged

varieties are invaluable for bedding purposes

Fic. 2 GROUP OF ABUTILONS.

Purpie-coloured. EMPEROR,* flowers large, rich purple magenta

P'lsop purple shaded lake, very attractive; urple; PURPUR eep purple s ê, ve ? Kouriria DE ST, MAURICE, flowers medium size, very profuse ; VIOLET QUEEN,* bright violet purple, very distinct and free. rimson-flowered, BRILLIANT,* flowers of good form ‘and substance, brilliant red inside, rather paler outsid warf and free; CRIMSON BANNER,* rich crimson, dwarf, ve ; Fire KiNG," bright red, orange shaded, veined with crimson ; Lustrovs,* brilliant red crimson, large, most profusely roducod, habit dwarf; NE PLUS ULTRa,* intense crimson, of excel oe all SCARLET GEM, * Sowers medium sized, brilliant scarlet, habit

and free. ADMIRATION, light pink, shaded salmon, deep

white, v owy; CLOCHETTE," deep rosy pink, veins, very dwarf and free; Te Pee Aa — wi deeper veins, flowers very large; KING OF THE ROSES,” rich Gee?

shaded, habit

Pe

AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA

Eor a

*

OF HORTICULTURE. 5

‘Abatilon—eontinvd :

ood size and substance, habit dwarf and very free; LADY OF onan * flowers medium sized, rich pink ; LOUIS MARIGNAC, pais l oani veined white, splendid ‘habit, a charming- variety ;

INCESS MARIE, }ł* flowers rich 1osy lake, very profuse, of excellent form; ROSÆFLORUM,ł* pale salmon rose, veined with crimson. Ed

White-flowered. BOULE DE NI£GE,}* very fine pure white flowers, the best in its class ; PURI very free, of good habit, and pure white ; SERAPH,* dwarf, and very floriferous.

Fia. 3. FLOWER OF ABUTILON INSIGNE.

flowered. CANARY pna; k similar in habit to Boule de ‘ i Siheag rtgrentey Sree rée bright

wW, size ei lemon willow: Iaoa iom atest $ _— yellow, of medium size

ubt, emet a charactor iii : ber a ‘epecies is close upon 400, and the genus one of the largest known. In our enumeration, we have strietly confined ourselves to describing such as are un- tionably in cultivation, and to this end we have adopted accurate method of deciding which are and which ,viz., by consulting the trade lists of nursery- this country and on the Continent. Such are not always correct, from a scientific in matter of nomenclature. The

ales, or other temperate regions, pnd e easily cultivated of

have a tondone to make Tong

Acacia— continued. a

straight shoots; these should be selected for training upon rafters ~or “pillars, on which they thrive well and form splendid ornaments in spring; whilst the more shrubby : 5 kinds will be equally at home in pots in the form of bushes. = Roots and tops grow with great rapidity, and an abundance E of water is required at all times. Immediately after flower- ing (usually about May) is the best time to prune Acacias; they may then be placed in the open air, and fully ex- posed to the sun, until October. They make a far healthier, cleaner growth, and ripen their wood much better outside than under glass; all they require is copious waterings, never allowing them to become dry, and keeping clear of weeds. In the first week in October house the plants, and winter in a temperature of 40deg. to 50deg. They delight in a light rich compost of equal parts turfy loam and leaf mould, freely intermixed with sand, or peat may be used instead of the leaf mould. Propagation: Cuttings of the half-ripened wood, put in with a heel, root readily during the summer. They do not bear heat well, nor do they require it. The soil should be equal parts peat and sand, covered with pure sand, thoroughly consolidated. Insert the cuttings as soon as made; water home, and leave them. in the shade till dry. Then place the bell glasses over them, shade and water so as to prevent flagging. Pot off as soon as rooted, and keep in a close pit or house until the plants are thoroughly established. Seeds should be sown as soon as ripe, in sandy peat; about jin. deep, or

a little more, for large seeds. A temperature of 55deg. to 60deg. suits them ‘well. Pot off when large enough to handle, and place in a cool close pit or house until quite established ‘The culture and propagation of the stove species are the same as for the greenhouse sorts, but the former require, of course, greater heat. Their flowers, how- ever, are much less frequently produced than their more temperate congeners, consequently they are not so much grown.

A. affinis.* fl. yellow. May. h. 5ft. New Holland, 1822, Green- house species.

A. albicans (whitish).* fl. white; heads, two to ‘rm cae -two

rising in racemes from the axils to the leaves. 2. with

aie’ pairs of pinne, each pinna

pairs of oblong linear-leaflets. A. 5ft. A. amoena (pleasing), This closely resembles A.

es of A.

scale ta n a L with h. 20) Arabi Sarg ad See Fig. 4. er

ere

= (silver-leaved). A synonym of A. braci armata — simple leaved).* jl. yellow, in soli globular heads, uely te-ob cnemenved AG te 10h Bastais, 20s re’ Tilto entire,

ry no greek Cah a t teva ee Matt. tS Re Sra ova aoe A. 20ft to 40H, Kast Indios, t of nea pubes ead

A. cookin (spoon-leaved), yellow, a heads, April. l phyllodia aa „many-nerved at the base, quite entire, mucronate. A. 4ft. West Australia, 1818.

SYN. A. Benthami. A. cultriformis (knife-formed -a in ondes pma, disposed in either yee or te i ayr fe velo -s ‘Ap onding 2 ‘our lines faa, cul bears to one side. orm omg

lodia eight to ten lines 1 in ah acute hooked point, w South Wales, 1820. ped).* Frie. eh Swan Rie 18

| . | | 6 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, #-

Pgs Homie ga Acacia—continued.

aa lia ema grated llow; racemes axillary; Australia, 1818, The whole aspect of this beautiful tree is silky. ied eee March. bp a) losia H emmi Bh. often 1ft. long, Syn. A. leucophylla ener een, almost blue; branches drooping. h, 18ft. Swan A. homomalla (equal-woolled). A synonym of A. glaucescens, ag cya hap ee A. Hugelii (Baron Hugel’s). fl. pale yellow. February. West

A, dealbata (whitened).* The Silver Wattle. fl. yellow, in pedi- ‘Australia, 1846. Greenhouse species.

cellate heads, disposed in racemes along the axillary branches. July. l. from ten to twenty pairs of pinne, each of which bears thirty to thirty-five pairs of linear, much crowded pubescent T ane h. 10ft. to 20ft. Australia and Tasmania, 1820.

ane (spreading). fi. yellow, in globular heads, which are

usually twin. May. Jl. phyllodia linear, one-nerved, ending in

= nae = e acumen ; branches diffusely procumbent, angular. Victoria and Tasmania, 1814,

A. fairness (Drummond’s).* fl. pale lemon; spikes axillary, drooping, cylindrical, simple. April. 2. with two pairs of pinne, each pinna bearing two to three pairs of linear obtuse leaflets, Plant unarmed, silky. A. 10ft, Swan River. Very handsome and one of the best grown, forming a somowhat dwarf shrub,

|

Fic. 4. ACACIA ARABICA (a) Flowering Branch, (b) Seed-pod.

A. Farnesiana (Farncsian). Ji. yellow, sweet-scented, disposed in » usually twin, unequally pedunculate heads. July. i. with five to eight pairs of pinne, each pinna bearing from fifteen to twenty pairs of linear glabrous leaflets. A 6ft to 10ft. St. Domingo, 1656. Greenhouse species, au (milky-white).* fl. white; spikes globose, stalked, y, usually twin, July. J. with four to six pairs of pinnæ n a twelve to fifteen pairs of linear, distant, are glaucous beneath. A. 5ft. to 10ft. South

Sip spikes twin, but solitary l. phyllodia linear-lanceolate,

piem a es ns s rrm te, three-nerved. h. 6ft. to 8ft.

t).* jl. yellow ; heads globular ; uncles solita:

o twin, ax , one-headed, to Mori with one pair

of Fidei ech pinna b bearing let do wees of linear-lanceo-

variety of A. vot A pakti ` australia, 1850. A

4. heterophylla (variable-leaved).* pA ellow, in attenuated at

“tg it ge ged eat May. l phyll te Beale

ı ends, many-nerved, h. tte "Sale of Bour ow Bose

amana is very l this. i ' (hairiest).* fl. white, on solitary beads

rous, April. J. with one of pinne, each =

a to seven —. of oblong, obtuse bales’ h.

6ft. Stems, branches, an e Gantane beset with aN white, Stitt

K Da oe perae pania

»

cea mpd }. f iollow, in axillary s es Sie l ong, oblong: ending in — Senegal). Gum Senegal. fe agin aro mera work to ott. North — | ap 7 ‘30

A. ixiophylla (Ixia-leaved). fl. yellow; heads about twenty- flowered ; peduncles downy, shortly racemose or solitary. March. 1. phyllodia narrow, oblong-lanceolate, sub-falcate, obtuse, aie mucronate, much branched. h. 2ft. New South Wales,

A, juniperina Gjuniner- leayed). f. yellow, on globular, solitary heads. May. l p hyllodia linear-subulate, ending in a pungent pus; han EA terete, pubescent. h. 6ft. Australia and

asmania, 1790. Greenhouse species.

A. Lebbek (Lebbek).* fl. yellow, sweetscented ; heads many- flowered, Pegg cagge three to four together, from the crowded upper nodes, May. ¢. with two to four pairs of pinne, each pinna bearing about six to eight pairs of oval, somewhat dimidiate leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends. h. 20¢t, East and West Indies, "1823. Stove species, |

A. leucophylla (white-leaved). Synonymous with A. holosericea. |

A. linearis (linear).* jl puan; on numerous, meres ing | axillary, spikes. May. J. phyllodia narrow-linear, very long, -| one-nerved, and quite entire. X 3ft. to 6ft. New South Wales and Tasmania, 1819,

A. 1 longissima (longest). Synonymous with A. longissima.

A. longifolia (long-leaved).* A yellow; spikes loose, axillary, cylindrical, Mare y . phyllodia linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each end, ison samen striated. h. 10ft. Aw 1792. A fine erect-growing greenhouse = i

A. longissima (longest-leaved axillary, generall: branches. form, one-nerved, spreading. — net Stove mee ssi Syn. A. linearis

A. lunata (half-moon).* ow Which are longer than th g 1 ollow heads disposed April. a s phyllodia

Shiono rather falcate, AGO +

aT callous cece = h. 2ft. to 4ft. Australia, teat 1810,

sere A. olewfolia.

G

A, melanoxylon (bla: ow ; heads few, disposed

ina kind of raceme. APA pty oda lan conlamediiane, rather

falcate, obtuse, oa entire, many-nerved. he 6ft. to to 10ft.

Australia, 1818. Greenhouse species. a

A. mollissima (softestleaved).* fl. yellow; heads iicelffite, i

in racemes along the ary peduncles. July. 2. with a t to eighteen pairs of pinne, dh ge pinna” Searing: thirty to forty pairs of linear, much crowded, pubescent leaflets, which are clothed with yellowish velvety down when young ; branches and petioles angular. h. 10ft. to 20ft. Van Diemens Land, 1810. a

A. olezefolia (olive-leaved). A synonym of A. lunata.

A, oxycedrus (sharp-cedrus).* fl. yellow 3s Ree axillary, solitary, slcmeuta, April. J. phyllo ia scattered, or somewhat verti- cillate, lanceolate-linear, ending in a ungent point, three-nerved. h. 6ft. to 10ft. New South W es, 18 Greenhouse species.

tian: ikes several, Shyllodia ts Jom fili- "ch South Wales,

fs

A. mney Sogredovicel). fli yellow, di in solitary i heads. March. p hyllodia chtlauely oblong- ceolate, entire, T: Holland. Greenhouse species. : A. penninervis (feather-nerved). f. yellow; heads about: the at both ends, straight, 2in. to 3in. long, 4in. broad, feather ve h. 4ft. to 6ft. New Holland, 1824. yelow: HE heads s solitary, on short peduncles, March. ¢ phyllodia short, bifario : obliquely truncate, mucronate ; branches broadly i at A. pubescens (downy).* fl. yellow ; heads small, globose pedicel: — ie disposed in racemes pi ong the axillary peduncles. March. eighteen pairs of linear glabrous jeaiiets. ? h. 6ft. to 1 paren erete, hairy. New Holland, 1790. inne ve to seven dns of oblon: iota te 2ft. to 3ft. New Holland, 1803. Greenhouse species. ikes. May. l ia yee von in clusters, “pps or whorled. h. 20ft. Tasmania, Habit pacsi, like &

wavy, ean: anches clammy, glabrous. h. oft. New size of a pea, racemose. April. J. phyllodia oblong, acum A. platyptera (broad- deg ge OE diy winged: N Swan River, 1840, Greenhouse species. 1. with three to ten pairs of pinnæ, each p inna bearing six to- s yellow ; heads solitary. A A. pulchella (pretty).* fl. wW; Aia r a fete. A. Riceana ag ape BE pe pale yellow, i in long solitary, a weeping willow. Very handsome and distinct.. SYN.

See Fig. 5. ‘ fi oe niin soli- A. rotundifolia (round-leav yellow ; heads globose, , on long peduncles. Mach. T i. phyllodia on short petioles mer ae rounded, obtuse or retuse, mucronate. ; ;

ous. h. 6ft. New Holland, 1842. coe ow-like). yellow; heads soli a . salign S i. ro atten tenuated iy sea Paste entire, almost nerveless, A. 6ft. to loft. New Holland,

1818. Greenhouse species, ae oe cnn axillary, solitary, slender. l with five to

AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 7

ae

- Acacia—continued. ~

pairs of pinnz, each pinna bearing fifteen to eighteen pairs of along Saee obtuse, paas leaflets ; branches white ; plies some wanting. h, 20tt. Arabia, 1823, Stove species. A. setigera (bristly). Synonymous with A. Riceana. A. sophoræ (sophora-podded). fl. yellow; spikes usually twin 4 . May. & pusia obovate, oblong oe an id uite entire, many nerved ; sometimes-there are bipinnate leaves at the tops of the branches. h. 20ft. New Holland, 1805. A A. sphærocephala (round-headed).* fl. yellow; racemes axillary, usually twin, ovate-roundish. l. with numerous close-set linear 4 falcate pinnules, which are usually tippéd by a glandular yellow 4 “food body ;” spines twin, hollow. Mexico, A very remarkable =- stove species, inhabited by ants during certain seasons in its native country,

A. uncinifolia (hook-leaved). pe yellow; spikes usually twin, dense, on short peduncles, cylindrical. March. 1. phyllodia long, linear-subulate, flat, recurved, mucronate, three-nerved; branches angular, h. 6ft. Swan River, 1846,

A. vera (true). Egyptian Thorn; Gum Arabic. fl. white, usually in twin heads, pedunculate, axillary. July. l with two pairs of pinn#, each pinna bearing eight to ten pairs of ue linear leaflets ; branches and spines red. k, 20ft. Egypt,

Fro. 5. A FLOWERING BRANCH OF ACACIA RICEANA,

A. verticillata (whorl-lea: * ow; ikes axilla E goli- tary, oblo: March. 1. Siaa s ending in a pungent mucrone, disposed somewhat verticillately. h. 6ft. to 10ft. A

spreading Ee greenhouse species, of variable habit. New Holland, 1780.

A. vestita (clothed).* f. yellow, in loosely racemose heads, along

f the peduncles ; upper ones solitary. June. 1, phyllodia obliquely

7 elliptic-lanceolate, one-nerved, ending in an awnlike mucrone,

: hispid. A. 4ft. New Holland, 1820.

A. viscidula (clammy).* /. yellow; heads globular, on short stalks, axillary, solitary or twin. February. @ linear, clammy; branches slender, clammy. A. 6ft., erect. New South Wales,

ACZINA (from akaina, a thorn; in allusion to the slender spines on the calyx or fruit). ORD. Rosacea. A s genus of dwarf sub-shrubby plants. Flowers capitate, or interruptedly spicate, uninteresting; petals absent. Leaves mE te, impari-pinnate. Excepting for rockwork, or as edgings to flower beds, they are not of much value; their habit is, however, very compact and neat. They require similar treatment to other hardy herbaceous plants, in ordinary soil. Increased by cuttings, creeping rootlets, y seeds.

divisions, and by A. meeeT ee small-leayed).* ll, in close heads, furnish th if oom. Ae. i. small,

8 owy, 4 ines. pinnate. h. lin. to 2in. Now Zealand. A neat evergreen with a compact and cushion-like } itis a very effective subject for the rock garden, and grows in most situations. The crimson iolar heads of spine-formed calyces form a conspicuous ind ornamental feature of the plant, SYN. A. Novæ Zealandice.

flowers;

Aczna—continued.

A. millefolia (myriad-leaved).* fl. inconspicuous. A very f species with finely-cut pale n leaves. The fruiting spikes of this are not collected in globular heads, as in the oth Bee their presence detract from its value as an ornamental plant. = 8 Otherwise, it is very graceful. Bo aT

Fic. 6. ACÆNA MICROPHYLLA.

A. m hylla (many-leaved).* f. green, small, in rounded Bw i pen l. pinnate; leaflets deeply cut. h. 6in. to lft. Chili, 1828 Small, fern-like.

A. poe Zealandiz (New Zealand). A synonym of A. micro- phyla.

A. ovalifolia (oval-leaved). jl. green. Summer. h. 9in. Chili, 1868. Good for rock gardens, A. pulchella (pretty).* jl. inconspicuous. A- pretty bronzy-

leaved species, admirably suited for rockwork crevices, where poo is no object. It grows very rapidly, and forms handsome

ACALYPHA (the name given by Hippocrates to the Nettle).. ORD. Euphoribiacee. - Stove ornamental and variegated nettle-like leaved shrubs. Flowers greenish or reddish, inconspicuous, in erect or drooping bracted axillary or terminal spikes; those of the upper portion sterile, of

the lower, fertile. The undermentioned only are those-most worthy of cultivation. "They -ase-very Gaal grown, with ordinary stove treatment, and in a peat and loam compost. When well cultivated, the leaves of the hybridised varieties are highly coloured, but rather coarse than otherwise. In- creased by cuttings under a glass in sandy soil, in stove heat, during April.

A. Macafeeana (Macafee’s). l red, blotched with bronzy crim-

son. 1877.

A. macrophylla (large-leaved).* I. cordate ovate, russet brown, blotched with paler spots. The best and handsomest stove species.

A. ee L large, very hairy, ovate-acuminate, centre brown, with a distinct margin of rosy carmine, about jin, wide. Fiji Islands, 1875. a

A. musaica (mosaic).* l bronzy green, variegated with orange

and dull red. Polynesia, 1877.

A. torta (twisted). 7. dark olive, tinted green; margin cut into blunt, oblong segments. Samoan Islands. Remarkable i

for its curiously contorted foliage. It has erect stems, whicl

are terete, and covered by the leaves in a very war

way. er

A. tricolor (three-coloured), A synonym of A. Wilkesiana.

A. Wilkesiana (Wilkes’).* 7, ovate-acuminate, curiously blotched, ith red and crimson;

mottled, and splashed „wi : pund colour coppery green. h. 6ft."to 10ft. New Hebrides, Syn, A, tricolor. g F

W. ta (Wilkes’s margined),* 1 large, olive brown, margined with rosy carmine. Fiji Islands, 1875,

ACANTHACEZ:, A large “ordér of soft-wooded, — herbaceous plants, usually having gamopetalous axill calyx composed of deeply imbricated scales;

_ a

8

ACANTHEPHIPPIUM (the derivation of this word is not apparent). Orp. Orchidacee. A peculiar class of terrestrial stoveorchids. Flowers rather large, racemose, few; sepals combined in a broad oblique pitcher, including the petals, which are adnate to the base of the column; column short, produced into a long foot. Pseudo-bulbs oblong. Leaves few, large, longer than the scapes. The best species are the two first-mentioned. They will thrive well in sandy peat, with a quantity of small stones, broken pots, or gravel. A great deal of heat and moisture are absolutely essential during the growing period. Propagated, as soon as growth commences, by dividing the pseudo-bulbs.

A. bicolor (two- coloured).* fl. purple and gerom, about 2in. long, naate, produced in clusters of three or four together;

— blong-lanceolate, acutish; lateral lobes of lip rounded. une, kh. 9in. Ceylon, 1833.

A. Curtisii (Curtis’s).* fl. same sha ape A: Sr oe purple spots, light ace nail of lip ales keels yellowish, ect" white with

Malay Archipelago, 1881. The five keels between the side Tanis distinguish it from the foregoing species and A.

as above Ape t the lip), rose, and ;. column

.

A, javanicum (Javanese).* fl. yellow and red, with distinct longitudinal stripes; petals triangular; lip three-lobed ; lateral lobes truncate ; intermediate lobe constricted in middle, ovate,

and tuberculate at the apex, fleshy on both sides at base, bie truncate emarginate inflexed teeth. September. h. l4ft. va, 1843.

A. sylhetense (Sylhet). fl. white, with many irregular spots and blotches towards the extremities of the pot POFO. June, 9in. Sylhet, 1837.

sea lavender). evergreen plan

ORD. Plantaginacee. Dwarf hardy tufted plants, distinguished from allied genera in having

thriving best ina net soil, | i “The flowers are similar to Statice s E by seeds (which germinate slowly), a a E alin arg ee shaded border, and transplanted when large enough to handle; or by cuttings and very carefully made divisions. The cuttings should be tear is in late summer, and placed in a frame, to remain there during the winter.

A. glumaceum (prickly fl. rose, ee about jin. across, = six to eight in a be ikel W Summer. 1. densely packed and ted with spines. A. 6in. Armenia, 1851. Very com-

pact an distinct.” Wee Statice Ararati.

A. Kotschyi (Kotschy’s). fl. white. A good species, but very rarely seen in British gardens,

icate, from twel Summer, nt yo eaten Cities, 1873. A rare and handsome opin n the preceding, See á

ete

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, :

_ACANTHOLIMON (from akanthos,a spine,and limon, —

pcr pointed rigid leaves. They are of rather Saat ated 2

"A, latifoling

ACANTHOPHENIX (from akantha, a spine, and | phoinia, the Date Palm). ORD. Palmacew. A very elegant — stove palm, differing from Areca principally in habit, and _ requiring a light sandy soil and a summer temperature ~ of 65deg. to 80deg., winter 55deg. to 65deg. Increased

by seeds only; these germinate best in a moist bottom ` heat, and a well decomposed compost of one part loam, — one of peat, one of leaf mould, and the remainder of sand. —

They may remain in this soil for two or three years.

A, crinita (hairy).* 7. spirally arranged, in threes, the central one being female, l. the fronds are arched, broadly ovate in outline, pectinately pinnate in division, with long linear acuminate seg- ments, paler beneath. The stem is densely armed with black, eae spines, and much swollen towards the base, Sey- chelles, 1 ACANTHORHIZA (from akantha, a spine, and rhiza, —

a root), ORD. Palmacee. A small genus of stove palms, —

differing from Trithrinax by the aérial roots of the trunk

hardening into spines (which are horizontal or pointed upwards), and by the blade of the leaf being divided ~ down to the petiole. They delight in a rich loamy — soil, and are propagated by seeds, in a moist, sweet — hotbed, in spring.

A. aculeata (spiny).* Z. orbicular, "gr neg slit into numerous linear-lanceolate, glabrous fe , deep-green above, silve

beneath; petioles slender; the trunk is covered with a network — a of branching Mexico, 1879. SYN. Chamerops staura- —

A. Wallisii (Wallis’s).* A recent introduction from tropical — America, and not yet much cultivated; it is a tall palm with -~ en Sar ves,

ee Ora aati fe

‘ACANTHOSTACHY UI (from ‘ikinthos, aspine,and — stachys,a spike). ORD. Bromeliacea. A monotypic genus of ; stove evergreen herbaceous plants; of easy culture in a com- post of equal parts sand, decayed wood, and rotten leaves. Propagated by suckers, which strike readily in be © heat. -

A. strobilacea (cone-fruited). fl. red and yellow; scape simple, long, scurfy; bracts coloured. June. Jl. radical, very long, in- curved, narrow, thick, oe a spiny-toothed, covered with white scurf. A. Brazil, 1840.

ACANTHUS Pa akanthos, a spine; several species being spiny or prickly). Bear’s Breech. ORD. Acanthacew. A group of stately, ornamental perennial plants, mostly hardy, remarkable for their vigorous growth and beautiful foliage. Flowers sessile, crowded, spicate; corolla tubular, one-lipped; lip three lobed. To attain perfection they — require a deep soil, and a situation fully exposed to the ~ sun. They will, however, thrive moderately well in common soil and partial shade. The habit being connie a a bold one, they are most suited for isolated tufts, — backgrounds of mixed borders, and the wild Eisen Propagated by seeds, sown in gentle heat, or by divisio of the roots, in autumn or early spring. e A. carduifolius (thistle-leaved). jl. blue. August. h. 3ft.

Cape of Good Hope, 1816. Greenhouse species.

A. hispanicus (Spanish). f. white August. l. large, shining, and deeply cut, he 2 2ft. Spain, 1700. te the acila of al

ra) * e, e ax

“st a ae see ea si of p o R

ni une. , e lees : etiaro ei Aaro ft Dalmatia, "1869.

Ae aeaemeamal (artean a with Ah lati- Jolius. mollis (soft).* fl. white or rose, sessile in the axils of the deepl hed oie spikes about lsft. Summer. l. eer B Cocbr 2 te in outline, 2ft. long by Ift. broad. A. to 4ft.

d-leaved).* A egei of A. mollis, but but larger diag pore ro ust in every part. This is probably the best yh: ; it is one of the rene suitable for ns tropical a, A warm sunny spot is needful, SYN. SYN. A. lust __ tanicus. Fig. 8. A. ae doa (mountain).* _Africa, 1865. A nag

a niger wh). J popii whita y

rose. Aug

aad. unarmed, glabrous, shining green,

-=

AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF HORTICULTURE.

9

Acanthus— continued.

s erag raaa raged iny).* rosy, sessile, on a ¥ ‘Se on with += onda ll : ines. Autumn. 4 4 fate, naib, blistered, spiny ; spines white. A. 34ft. South

2 A, spinosus (spiny.* 7. purplish, spicate

; sepals spiny. Summer. and each ba mn a A rra e Tuo mina e by a short

'ACAULESCENT. Sii i var eis stem. Something additional, not usually

APUN pe with another body, and growing with i

ACCUMBENT. Varta iaai in distinction to incumbent, or lying upon.

ACER (from acer, hard or sharp; wood is extremely hard, and was formerly much used ~ making pikes and lances). Maple. ORD. Sapindacee. genus comprised for the most part, of handsome hardy deciduous shrubs, or trees, adapted for forming shrubberies, plantations, &c. Flowers greenish, except where men- tioned, A. Pseudo-platanus is one of our most useful Several of the species produce very useful timber ; sugar is one of the constituent parts of the sap of all of them, and is obtained in large quantities from A. saccharinum, in North America. They all prefer a some- what sheltered position. ‘The most satisfactory soil is one free, deep, loamy, and well drained; the latter is

desirable ‘with some of the Japanese varieties.

The varieties of A. ee. and palmatum are well worth growing in for conservatory decoration. Pro- pagation: By seeds, sown either in autumn or spring, covering them not more than a jin. deep; the common biter may be sown a while the rarer ones should sown in a frame. By layers, and by grafting; the latter method is is adopted with many of the A

rarer species | «

Acer—continued. and varieties, especially the variegated kinds; they aro also readily increased by budding in summer.

A. sueaanm (Austrian), Synonymous with A. campestre austriacum. > A. .campestre (field) * Common M A x% erect racemes.

May. Jr. wings of fruit much divaricated. L small, ‘cordate, with five-toothed lobes, A, 20ft. Britain. A small tree with rough bark, full of dee -i fissures ; wood often beautifully veined, when it is highly valu

A. c. austriacum (Austrian).* f. much larger than those of | the species. fr, smooth, Lobes of leaves somewhat acuminated, SYN. A. austriacum.

A. c. collinum Eas ame fl. smaller: fr. smooth. Lobes of leaves obtuse.

A. ©. hebecarpum ‘deme fruited).* jr. clothed with velvety pubescence.

le

Bene a ge

|

Fic. 9. LEAF AND FLOWER SPIKE oF Acs ‘7

A. c. levigatum (smooth-leaved). l very sooth a shining. - A. ¢, nanum (dwarf). Dwarf habit. n p Ae o a S 1. larger and less divided than inthe

* 1. beanti : niches and sirip s ol wite or A “a

10

e

THE DICTIONARY

OF GARDENING,

oo. America, 1827. very beautiful species, having pendulous branches clothed with leaves, which change into a bright scarlet colour in the autumn.

A. creticum (Cretan). fr. smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. base, acutely three-lobed at the top. A. 4ft. orms evergreen. um (thick-fruited).* jf. conglomerate, on »short

“poles , apetalous. April. Z. truncate at the base, palmately

ve-lobed, with blunt recesses, and bog A and deeply-toothed lobes. A. 40ft. North America, 17: Syns. A. eriocarpon, A, tomentosum, A. glaucum, and A. virginianum

A. Douglasii (Douglas). Synonymous with A. glabrum.

A. eriocarpon (hairy-fruited). Synonymous with A. dasy- carpum.

A. Ginnala (Ginnalian).* fl. on compound, crowded, erect ra- cemes. Amur River. This is generally classed as a variety of A, tartaricum, but its habit is much more graceful, and in this form the leaves are prettily cut and lobed, whilst the leafstalks and midrib are more deeply coloured.

A. glabrum (smooth).* fl. corymbose, on short two-leaved branchlets, greenish-yellow, June. J, roundish-cordate, deeply three to five-lobed, or Ae the lobes bi-serrate, of a light green. h. 15ft. to 30ft. North West America. SYNS. A. Douglasii, A, tripartitum,

S aan (glaucous). Synonymous with A. dasycarpum.

llum (various-leaved).* Fret ss May. i. ar eae ovate, entire, and three-lobed, ig htly serrated, smooth, h. 4ft. aei 1759. An evergreen. SYN. A. sempervirens.

A. ibericum (Iberian). fl. corymbose. May. l. bluntly three- lobed ; lobes with one or two teeth, lateral se a marked With the middle nerve to the insertion of the petiole. k. 20ft. Iberia,

jl. on few-flowered ke corymbs. May. l. cuneated at the Levant, 1752.

A. Ji * d lish- April. y amten (Fanka s ep zod; aa p o variotion of taka MISAN?

'ohange in character es th ag hot alent it useful in oi _ Spol conservatories, and in the highly Kept gro ands surrounding

‘A lacrifoliam dase. ‘Synonymous with A. cblon. Lobelii (Lobel very slightly irregular] toothed, five-lobed ; hates or less oar pointed: A a Garceles eaved).* f. on erect, compound, ra- l. digitatel ease 4 with roundish recesses ; : lobes bomer iki three-] h. 60ft, Northern California,

A. erect Maye ortaty i lier’ on few-flowered corymbs, corda! roe lobed 3 lobes almost fe quite ual, h. 10ft. to boft. South Europe, 1739.

Taa um (mountain). sient on compound, erect racemes, May. 1. cordate, 6 - s wa ome uncqually and es h. 18f SYN. A. spicatum.

A. Negundo. too Mie Cae pranan aha A. sae: ua (oblong). (fl. on compound racemes, pale yellow. February. J. oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, wate onika, h. 20ft. Nepaul, 1824. SYN. A. laurifolium.

A. obtusifolium (obtuse-leav fl. drooping, corymbose. May. i, » ierg i bluntly rere te A crenately serrulate, about the length of the petioles. A. 15ft. Crete.

A. Opalus (Opalus). A synonym of A. opulifolium.

A. opulifolium (G aliere lated)" jl. on nearly sessile

corymbs. May. _ “tg ade = oe ay me

lobed ; lobes obtuse, bluntly and coarse

France, 1823. SYN. A, Opalus. ze Ghar

A. o. obtusatum (bluntish).* A larger, stro owing, round- headed tree, with dark green leaves, ote pia with -a whitish or pels tomentum or on the under surface.

me o or on five to seven-flowered

A 3 Ma: l pamatei into fi Beyond the nia; bes oblong, poate ns ade A ot Japan, 1820.

T * handsom eet with Balk task pe purple plo folage 3 Sela 7

2p (crispy or gag Mi red stalked, con dys, pang Japan, 1871, vy distincts ani minia Lombardy poplar in habit of growth. ee ture A dissectum (finely-divided).* fl, ft itin terminal. teed di are gg five to pap ito Mt May. i eg ag oblong, acuminated, deeply serrated, h. 30ft. Japan

"ALD ornatum (peutifuy* Ve riam i ea red leaves, With lighter midstbe: Japan, tan eet ‘ety dissectum,

“girionis (palmatifid).* Z. very ine ayer cut dawn quité to the imi drib, ¢

light green colour. 1875,

i. nine to ten parted; | “ee

Acer—continued. + A. p. reticulatum (netted).* J. palmately seven-lobed; lobes

uneqv-‘. sharply serrate, emerald green, with dark green +i. Japan, 1875. A very elegant variety, with slender branches,

A. p. roseo-marginatum (rose-margined).* 7. freely divided,

the lobes ee deeri? cut, light green, margined with rose, 1874. A very distinct "and charming variety.

A. p. sanguineum (blood-red),* J. deeply five-lobed, the lobes suited, of a deep reddish-crimson colour, much brighter than the variety atropurpureum. 1874. This presents a very striking contrast to the last.

A. p. is ec “x (seven-lobed).* fl. purplish, on numerous flowered umbels, Spring. l. varying much, from palmatel five- lobed, with toothed undivided lobes, to deeply seven to nine-lobed, with more or less finely cut divisions. Japan, 1864. There are numerous beautiful forms of this variety.

There are many varieties of this much varying species, but we have only mentioned those best known; many are only known by their native names, and there is some doubt as to their distinctive characteristics. They are all extremely hand- some.

A. pennsylvanicum (Pennsylvanian).* fl. in long droop’ : simple racemes. May. l cordate, three-lobed, ieamand 4 finely and acutely serrated. h. 20ft. Trunk elegantly strip with white lines. North America, 1755. Syn. A. striatum. S

a, pari (painted).* fl. corymbose, stalked, Z, five to seven-

ed ; lobes vay be mak or polon, Sige a acuminated. h. 15ft. to bore Temperate sia, li connivens (converging), A. A: marmoratum (spotted), A Be Aiton (red), and A, p. variegatum (variegated), are varieties differing principally in the colouring of — the leaves, All are oe desirable,

mbs: May, The Norway Ma)

fog oe l tongs lobed; lobes suntnatea,

h a few coarse Euro’ 1683. pg tn ornamental a ra s A aee aha bers 39 It poa a pe sin

Japan,

Pe

le. ji, on nearly

A, tanoides (p A rr stalked corym! , smooth, ott five

} aiden a L l pe z r ie

a AN 3 p. Schwedleri (Sch one 1, very large, nea A vigorous grower, rit ome most effective.

A. p. variegatum (variegated).* J. variegated with white. There are several other varieties, but of less importance than the foregoing. é

A. Pseudo-platanus ore tree).* i team jl. on rather compound panne ous racemes. May. l porini with five seniuaiod unequally-toothed lobes. h. 30ft. 60ft. Europe. There are few deciduous trees so well slaptad for standing singly in rough e situations. A deep, soft, dry soil is most suitable for it, but it will grow in soils of very opposite qualities.

A, P.albo Laon, rig (white-variegated).* A very beautiful farm, in spring especially. l. white and green,

A. 7 flavo variegata (yellow-variegated). 4 variegated with yellow.

A. P. longifolia (long-leaved).* 1. more deeply cut, and the petioles much longer than in the species.

P. purpureum (purple).* l. purple underneath. The tree, — when slightly ruffled by the wind, alternately ing clothed ` in purple and pale green. Numerous other less excellence are grown.

A. rubrum (red).* Scarlet Maple. handsome, congl rate, corymbose. J. cordate at Fc base, ace and ee toothed, palmately five- -lobed y with acute recesses. Branca i fruit also scarlet. A. 20ft. nada, 1656. A variety wi h paves apisan hed with yellow is u An excellent species, thriving ell in damp, swampy situations, and is commonly increased |

ptim : t gee rufinerve (red-nerved).* ‘The leaves vary both in size and outline, from 24in. to 4 fin, each way; three to five- lobed, etar: A irregularly toothed margins, glabrous above, but with reddish hairs along pria nerves beneath.. The young branches are con- ipionons on on of the bluish-grey glaucescence with w

y are covered. T ; r. albo-limbai )* differs only fro . 0 in having a a ae nee istin a A margin—not a constant, Japan, 1 ; Penge x anpha aoe * E yellow, on oni cer ‘on short peduncles ; pedice April. & I; are abei. paom A 40ft. . America, 1 i735, * ma Pe” ie eae he dott. North Ainorica i312

. Ginnala, but small

a— a ae S hose

A. sempervirens (evergreen). Synonymous with A. hetero- phyllum.

A. spicatum (spiked). Synonymous with A. montanum.

A, striatum (striated). Synonymous with A. pennsylvanicum.

A. tartaricum (Tartarian).* fl. white, on crowded, erect, com- pound racemes. May. l more or less cordate, acuminated, serrated, with obsolete lobes. A. 20ft. 1759. This species is one of the first to expand its leaves in spring.

A. tomentosum (tomentose). Synonymous with A. dasycarpum,

A. tripartitum (three-parted). Synonymous with A, glabrum.

A. Van Volxemii (Van Volxem’s), f/f. not known in England. l palmately three to five-lobed, very large, light DAE above, hy 4 and quite glabrous beneath. Caucasus, 187 Distinct

. and fine,

A. villosum (hairy). fragrant, on lateral racemes. April. Buds, fruit, and ott ioe , villous. l. cordate, five- ied.

rP yillous beneath ag wou ze m es; lobes ovate acute. h.

2 Himalaya, at high elevations. ot hardy.

í &. virginianum (Virginian). Setodear tt with A. dasycarpum.

rt `” ACERACEH. An order of very ornamental hardy trees, of which the sycamore and maple are well-known representatives. i

a, without, and keras, a horn; the lip . ORD. Orchidaceæ. An interesting genus of terrestrial orchids. Calyx of three ovate, equal, con- verging sepals; petals two, narrow, oblong; lip spurless, much longer than the calyx, narrow, oblong, with four linear lobes. The most interesting species is the native one. Indigenous to dry, chalky pastures in the south-east of England, and it will only thrive in similar soils when grown in gardens. Propagated by careful divisions of tubers

Fic. 10. FLOWER OF ACERAS ANTHROPOPHORA. ae Man atang ste gh EE Bee See

y e > keras, a horn; the stamens being destitute of the terminal bristles so con- spicuous in its near ally, Poong ORD. Tiliaceæ. An K interesting stove evergreen tree, » very closely allied to Tilia. It thrives well in a mixture of loam and peat, and is in- creased by ripe cuttings, which root readily if placed in sand, under a hand glass, in heat.

A. oppositifolium (opposite- sviit Š A. white, on_terminsl three-flowered peduncles. June. t ong, ian a with a few mucronated teeth h. Amboyna, ACEROSE, ACEROSUS. Needle-pointed, tine, and

slender, with a sharp point.

ACETARIOUS. An adjective applied to plants used salads.

ACEUS. A termination expressing a resemblance to the thing whose name it terminates— foliaceus, leaf-like, of the texture of a leaf or folium. ; ACHANIA. See Malvaviscus.

„ASHENE. A hard, dry, one-seeded, superior seed-

“ACHERONTIA aTRoros. See Sphinx Atropos. ACHILLEA (named after. who is said to have = idan ao theca this plant). Milfoil.

tone an a ge genus, containing numerou —

small, eorymbove involucra

AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE. 11 Acer—continued. Achillea— continued. A. & Semenevi (Semenov's).* é ar r graceful net gaan -a scales oblong, often with a shrivelled ap) Recep-

tacle “with membranous scales, chaff. Ray florets few, sometimes rather large and showy. Pappus, none. All the species are easily cultivated in ordinary garden soil. A. Eupatorium, and other large growing kinds, are well suited for borders or groups, wbilst the. the alpine section should be planted on the rockery. A great number of species, although excellent for naturalising in rough shrubberies, are totally unfitted for garden culture. The species number about fifty. Propagated during spring, by pes: See ta cuttings, and seeds. ti h w cele E yt wows l. pinnate ; leafiets obtusely lanceolate, serrate, silvery white, 6in. to 8in. long. h. 1pft. to 24ft. gg 1640. Handsome perennial, thriving best in a warm position.

A. Eom q'asan. a -leaved).* _jl.-heads ae gaan — Bno m

-e tte 6in. e pe e a Greece. pennn e veia paeet mat asplenifolia asplenium * heads rose-coloured small. “a acom abarca ge ng ag eat gt l lower ones stalked, Pinnatitd lobes a ay upper ones pinnate. h. 18in. North A. atrata (black. * f.-heads white. ano l, in a rosette, saan cone pa — coda epg on A aurea (olde ~ : ect and agama.” E umn. anger than ine yd eae ce with tivwhich mnachos i t tufted. hurraaga tepme e:

Fic. 11. ACHILLEA Oravan powme Habit and detached —

a Clavenna’s).* fl.-heads in neat and compact

Sak omni : ape segments linear,

ia amdi denticulated at the h. 16in, ‘Austria, 1656:

Avery neat and pretiy species, ba Aike pori ia p hoary appearance.

-heads s : < er > or naga Agee f de whililah yellow. July. kun

Fic. 12. ACHILLEA EUPATORIUM, showing H: . Flower-

A. Eupatorium (fern-leaved).* brilliant yellow, in

PE

. June linear, pinnate, lobed and 3

12 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

+ nmana a n aaa a aaa m aa

Achillea—continued. `

A. Herba-rota (Herba-rota).* jl.-heads white, in lax corymbs, on slenderstems. May. l. lanceolate, serrated. h.6in. France,1640, When touched, this pretty little plant gives off an a ble aromatic perfume. To attain full beauty it requires sandy loam and a sunny position,

A. macro lla (large-leaved). fl.-heads white. _ July. l long and br pinnate; leaflets horizontal. h. 3ft. Italy, 1810.

A. Millefolium roseum (rosy).* /.-heads rose-coloured, in small ovoid heads, which are produced continuously for several months. 1. strap-shaped; segments very narrow. h. lft. to 3ft. Engiand. It is well worth growing, both as a border plant, and for cutting purposes. .

A. mongolica (Mongolian). fl.-heads white. July. J. undivided. h. 14ft. Siberia, 1818.

A. moschata (musky).* j.-heads white, in lax corymbs. June. A. bin. l. bright green, about 2in. long, pinnatifid. Italy, 1775. A pretty tufted alpine.

A. nana (dwarf). fl.-heads white. June to August. l. pinnate; leaflets horizontal. k. 6in. Italy, 1759. A rockery species.

A. odorata (sweet-scented). /.-heads white, fragrant. June to August. Z. bipinnate. h. 6in. Spain, 1729. A, pectinata (comb-leaved).* /.-heads white. June. J. bright

green, about Zin. long, pinnatifid. Italy, 1775. A pretty tufted pine.

A. Ptarmica flore-pleno (double sneezewort).* fl.-heads pure white, freely produced in terminal corymbs. All through the „summer and autumn. Z. lanceolate, serrulate. h. lft. to 2ft. England This is one of the most useful white border perennials « grown, increasing very readily. When out of flower the stems should be cut down to the surface. A. santolinoides (lavender-cotton-like). fl.-heads white. July. l. pinnate ; leaflets transverse. h. lft. Spain. A. serrata Bw meg fi.-heads clear white, large, in small corymbose clusters, forming a somewhat sp: panicle.

l. white, with: adpressed hairs, sessil h. 15in. Switzerland, 1686. is =

Fis, 13. ACHILLEA TOMENTOSA, showing Habit and detached portion of Inflorescence,

A. tomentosa (downy).* fl.-heads bright yellow, in repeatedly com-

. pound corymbs. Summer. J. woolly, -bipinnatifid; segments inear, acute. A. 8in. to 12in. Europe. One of the best yellow- flowered species for the rock garden, having a dense habit. See Fig. 13.

A. umbellata (umbel-flowered).* fl.-heads white, six to eight ina simple umbel. June. J. regularly lobed; lobes obovate, entire ; clo with a dense, silvery pubescence, on which account the t is chiefly cultivated. ; pretty dwarf rock plant.

A. vallesiaca (Vallesian). /l.-heads white. June to August. l pinnate ; leaflets horizontal. h. 1ft. Switzerland, 1819.

ACHIMENES (from cheimaino, to suffer from cold; alluding to the general tenderness of the species). ORD. Gesneracee. A large genus of stove or warm green- house plants, of great beauty. Branched, generally hairy, herbaceous perennials, with scaly catkin-like stolons underground (Fig. 14), and sometimes from the axils of the leaves. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube rather oblique, gibbous behind at the base. Pedicels one-flowered, axil- lary, solitary, or fasciculated, bracteated. Leaves opposite,

h. 4in, to fin. Greece. A very

= or three in a whorl, serrated.

= Tobe successfully cultivated, they must be started and „rown in stove heat till they commence blooming, when they may be removed to the conservatory or ordinary house, there to remain until after flowering. Batches of tubercles should be started in heat from February till the end of _ April, so as to give a succession of bloom. Shak

+ when active receive more frequent supplies. When the shoots

tops are quite dead, they may be removed, and i

Achimenes—continued.

are about 2in. high, the tubercles may be transplanted to the pots, pans, or baskets in which it is intended to grow them, using as potting compost fibrous peat and leaf-soil in equal proportions, with about a sixth part of sheep’s or rotten cow manure, and sufficient silver sand to make the whole porous and of a whitish appearance. Thorough drainage is indispensable, and a layer of the rougher soil, or sphagnum, should be placed over the potsherds, to pre-

Fia. 14. ROOT OF THE ACHIMENE, showing Tubercles.

vent the loose soil stopping the drainage. Place the pans as near the glass as possible, and shade from bright sune shine. Give liberal supplies of water, with occasional

number of flowering branches. Place neat stakes to u stem, and keep well tied, arranging the stakes as sym» i metrically as possible, so as to ensure an even outline, but

Fic. 15, BOUQUET OF VARIOUS ACHIMENES.

do not allow them to be seen. Light syringing with cleat water, morning and evening, is beneficial. After the plants have done blooming, they should gradually have less water as the foliage and stems decay; a light airy atiol

is needed to mature and ripen the tubers. When the

pots stored on the sides in any warm dry corner ¥

ee ae! eae “vi ; P

-AN ENCYCLOPADIA

.

OF HORTICULTURE. 13 ie at Achimenes—continued. will not fall below 50deg., keeping the os ora (large-flowered).* fl. „oe purple, very large, sane until the time of starting again. Achimenes soli axillary ; limbs of corolla mg. June itt, Meee

are liable to attacks of thrips, red-spider, and green-fly, especially if the atmosphere is kept dry; these are easily destroyed by fumigation with tobacco. This must only be done when the foliage is quite dry, otherwise the plants will suffer. Achimenes are especially beautiful when well arranged, especially if two or three varieties are mixed together, as white, red, and purple (Fig. 15). There are several methods of increasing these :—(1) By cuttings; these need not be cut off at a joint, as they will root from any portion of the stem. Insert them thickly in well- drained pots of sandy soil—say a mixture of equal parts of peat and sand—and place in bottom heat. (2) By leaves, which should be severed from the stems, and pricked in pots of similar soil to the cuttings, placing all the petiole below the surface; stand the pots in bottom heat. (3) By scales from the corms, which should be carefully rubbed off and sown, like seeds, in pots or pans of the same compost, “covered with sand, and placed in bottom heat.

By seeds, which are very small, and, consequently,

Fra. 16, FLOWER OF ACHIMENES LONGIFLORA.

require to be carefully sown. The must be thoro 4 drained and filled nearly to Tg levelled, paar p% watered with a fine rose, after which the seed should be

thinly scattered, covered very lightly with sand, and p in a shady position. Keep oye roan and apply my very lightly, or the tiny germs will eager 4 Place a sheet of glass over the seed-pans. When the are large enough to handle, they may be pricked off and after- wards treated like rooted enttings. The best time for all

modes of propagating is early spring.

a A pieter all J crimson; tube of sr lindrical, saccate at base, pilose ; limb small, $

one-flowered. July, ‘August. . pilose, pnd , unequal. A. l4ft. y E g

a (White)* f. white ; tube of corolla gibbous at base;

t segment largest uncles axillary, fic June. unegui, obligue at base, ree pilose, mie igit. nane ka ae a )}* fl. scarlet; peduncles solitary, axillary. August. l three in a whorl, ovate, promienion, sons , with Parakey the axils. A». lift. Jamaica, 1778

pen , with “Er pacha ol toed pein icles a flowered.

aop ae arte l exico, at see Aegea lobes finely aag:

Ere ito top.

ovat; OTs iimo at base, sparingly fi nore as

A. heterophylla (various mete gg fl. solitary or twin; corolla sentlely lebes cltabed. iets: posite, one smaller than the other, ‘cordate ovate, pc E gren coarsely serrated. k, lft. Mexico. Plant rather hairy.

A. hirsuta (hairy). Jl. reddish, with yay eye ; limb of corolla flat, with rounded serrulate segmen peduncles one-flowered, July. l cordate, serrated. h. 24ft. Stem ‘yalhiforben. G 18 Plant h:

A. Kleei (Klee’ 8).* A lilac ; corolla dark near thé mouth, with a dash of Falon in the throat ; calyx downy ; uncles one- flowered. — L ovate, acuminate, serrated, A, 6in. Guate-

mala, 1848. Plant hairy..

A.l o egora A. nat; ents of calyx lan- ceolate, erect ; Mort with a lo So sae be n ample spreading limb ; icels one-flowered. J en A

st.- L three to four inaw rl, ovate or bags a my: Cog A, lft. Guate- mala, 1841. Plant hai A. multifiora enrages lilac ; sepals linear ; corolla E e ea be curv roundish, lower one fringed ; peduncles ye three in five-flowered. August. sppe or three in a ene oani Maipiy snd doubly serrated.

Brazil, 1843.

A. tama eh “x A reddish yellow, with dark peer orate, nearly equally et he oa ge oe a Autumn. beneath, —— Th

A. patens (spreading). fl. violet, blue; calyx downy; tube RES h. itt. ling., June, ora,

ong-stalked).* jl. scarlet, with yellow sokola drow Rar a oe = base; Basten " the e of te upper eN y. l rather uneq oblique meek, n serrated, Stem simple, downy. Guatemala, 1840.

A. picta Beea jl. scarlet, with yellow eye; tube of calyx turbinate ; lobes of corolla roundish, three lower ones smallest; peduncles’ solitary or two-flowered, ed, axil lary one-flowered July. fi opposite, or three in a whorl, cordate-ovate, coarsely serrated, velvety, and ae painted. h. 1)ft. Mexico,

A. rosea (i: . rose, ies, limb of corolla equal to tube ; pednocian RE gess manga June. l. sometimes three whorl, pilose, A. 1} Guatemala, 1848.

The foregoing are the most important species known. Hybrid varieties are innumerable, and even surpass the species in beanty, the best of which are enumerated below

in their respective colours.

Bine and Kanpa Flowered, ADVANCE,* flowers reddish- purple, lighter at the eye, dwarf, and d free h habit; ARGUS,* rich plum, with deep orange eye, large and free; BUENZOD,* tiowers rich crimson purple apote. with orange in the centre,

heri Arel free ; FICER rieh vi vay and free, compact habit; ee form, rich

ne-p z Gaon * Ky Aes very large, the tube white outside ; Grannis, rich ged papie, with large shaded, a charming ety ; LADY SCARS- carm stronger eon in parple, shaded grower e freely prod rich blue gaats. one of a finest mhs m aos MADAME GEORGE, ~_. al shaded crimson; MAUVE * flowers very large, a distinct mauve, with a brownish eye-shade, very profuse, with a grand habit, one of the best; po ge meager ee * deep claret purple, orange throat with dark ve variety ; ROLLISONII,* flowers large, deep pte et blue, yellow throat, spotted with deep crimson, very omei VivicaNs,* dark carmine-purple, with crimson eye, | oh few blue rays streaking from the eye, habit good, and very

Crimson and Scarlet Flowered. Av with yellow throat, very large, PORTH,* deep crimson, a DAZZLE, A Ga; „small,

ao THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

‘Achimenes—continued.

salmon, with yellow eye; MAGNET,* deep orange, spotted with . crimson, with a distinct carmine zone, a very free-flowering and beautiful variety ; PARSONSI* is a decided improvement upon the

Rose-Flowered. ADMIRATION, deep rose, white throat, spotted with carmine; CARMINIATA SPLENDENS,* bright rose yellow, spotted in the centre, a charming variety; LEOPARD, bright magenta rose, freely spotted at the throat; LONGIFLORA Rosa,* rich lilac rose, deeper in centre, of medium size, very free and dwarf; MASTERPIECE,* deep rose, violet shaded, with a distinct white throat; PINK PERFECTION,* rich rose, the eye rich carmine and violet rayed, one of the best; ROSEA MAGNIFICA,* bright rose, with a yellow eye, very finely spotted, a very lovely variety ; ROSE QUEEN,* flowers very large, rich rosy-lake, shaded deep purple, with a well defined orange throat; UNIQUE,* rosy-pink, deep yellow eye, spotted crimson, a very charming variety.

White-Flowered, AMBROSE VERSCHAFFELT,* flowers of good size, pure white, with a dark rayed centre; LONGIFLORA ALBA,* similar in form and habit to Longiflora, but with large white flowers, slightly marked in the centre; MADAME A. VERSCHAF- FELT,* flowers large, pure white ground, heavily veined with purple, a very attractive variety; MARGARETTA,* flowers of medium size, pure white, and destitute of any markings whatever.

ACHLAMYDEOUS. Without floral envelopes.

ACHRAS. See Sapota.

ACHYRANTHES. See Chamissoa and Iresine.

ACICULAR. Needle shaped.

ACINETA (from akineta, immovable; the lip being jointless). ORD. Orchidacew. A small genus of cool house, robust, sub-terrestrial orchids allied to Peristeria. Flowers

|

very dry, an occasional syringing, to keep the leaves from

shrivelling, being all that is necessary.

A. Arcei (Arce’s). fl. yellow. Central America, 1866,

A. Barkeri (Barker’s).* fl. yellow and dark crimson, on stout ee ones from the base of the bulbs, and bearing fifteen to thirty fragrant flowers. Midsummer. J, broadly lanceolate, 2ít. long. Pseudo-bulbs, 5in. to 7in. long. Mexico, 1837. This ‘species remains a long time in perfection.

tha (yellow-flowered),* fl. yellow, white, and crimson,

chrysan’ fragrant ; lower of the lip having a blunt illose horn; racemes erect 8 ook h. 2ft. Mexico, 1850. wind :

A. densa (dense-flowered).* E sub-globose, and of a waxy consist-

eae lemon a al egal sy dg wears racemes rather Costa Rica, . Very like A. Barkeri. A robust growin,

species. SYN. A. Warczewiczii. ne .

& Humboldtii (Humboldt’s).* f. straw colour, dotted with 3 brown Bem crag gr A May. É broadly lanceolate, generally fade. SYN. Anguloa superba. A. sulcata (grooved). fl. bright yellow. Columbia, 1879. Very like the ee A aA from which it differs in mere , A, Warezewiczii (Warczewicz’s). Synonymous with A. densa.

, but the flowers speedily

ACINOS. See Cal:

ACIOTIS (from akis, a point, and ous, an ear; in allusion to the shape of the petals). ORD. Melastomacee. A small

genus of pretty stove evergreen

is most suitable. Young cuttings root readily if in pots filled with peat, placed in heat, and co

of the moss all round the inside of the basket, and press

plants, but may be grown :

thin, membranaceous. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand

- Aciotis—continued.

i ; South America, 1793: -The pots in which thi cies is grown should be kept in pans of water. . . à A. lor ( us-coloured).* fl. small, red, in spicate racemes. l. petiolate, e ic-oblong, ae beneath, deep shining green

above. h. lft. inidad, 1816.

ACIPHYLLA (from ake, a point, and phyllon, a leaf, reférring to the sharply pointed segments of the leaf). ORD. Umbellifere. A genus of curious and remarkable erect hardy perennials, with densely fascicled, spicate, or panicled umbels of flowers; and pinnate or bi-tripinnate leaves. They are most suited for the rockwork, in a light sandy soil. Propagated by seeds or divisions iñispring.

A. Colensoi (Colenso’§),* fl. white. This extraordinary ever- — green forms a circular h, 5ft. or 6ft. in. diameter, of bayonet- like spines, having flowering stems 6ft. to 9ft. high, covered — with spreading spinous leaflets. New Zealand, 1875. E

A. squarrosa (rough-headed).* fl. white. R. 6ft. to 9ft. New — Zealand. More frequently met with than the preceding, of very — dense growth. Commonly known as the Bayonet Plant. 3 ACIS (named after Acis, shepherd of Sicily, son of |

Faunus and the nymph Simæthis). ORD. Amaryllidaceæ. §

A genus of very pretty dwarf bulbous plants, suitable for <

the rockery, in sunny sheltered situations. This genus

was formerly included with Leucojum, from which it is — distinguished by its dwarf slender habit, filiform style, — and membranous capsule. All are delicate little plants, with narrow linear leaves and bell-shaped flowers. They require a free, open, rich soil, and should remain and bloom undisturbed for years; divide the clumps every three or

je

four years, and renew the soil.

A. au ‘autumn-bl * th white, delicate pink at the ( preceding the et paini three on a stem. — the base, sh Ain- to eln Portuen, 1628. “A charming species and the only one at all common, ° 0 0 4

A, Brennen Giros Mareen ) hite, larger than _ those of the last. August. a a Raana Tee Mager than : rare in cultivation. a ia 4

A. roseus (rose-coloured).* fl., rose red in. long; to t wered. August. tine Har hee Corsica, 1820. Very rare.

tingitanum (Tangiers). Of recent introduction; has a many- flowered umbel, and very long leaves.

A, trichophyllus (hair-leaved).* fl., perianth white, about in. — long; segments loosely nerved, with a faint flush of red at the base. January. A. 6in. Spain, 1820. ACISANTHERA (from akis, a point, and anthera, an

anther; anthers jointed). ORD. Melastomacee. A mono-

typic stove genus allied to Rhexia, of semi-shrubby habi

It grows well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat; and

cuttings root freely in the same soil in stove tempera-

ture. t

A. quadrata (square-branched). jl. purple, ventricose, a axillary, solitary. July, Z. three-nerved, ovate, crenated ; square. Habit erect, branched at the apex. A. lf Jamaica, 1804. More curious than ornamental.

“ACMADENIA (from akme, a point, and dan,

greenhouse shrubs. Flowers terminal, solitary, or few, furnished with imbricate sepal-like bracts; petals five, with long claws, which are bearded on the inside. Leaves : a mixture of peat and sand, with a little turfy loam orough ina aeaa i re in a pot of very sandy soil, covered with a bell glass, and shaded, will root freely in a cool house. tetragona -angled).* jl. white, large, sessile, solitary. et x me oran with scabrous margins, Alit io 2ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1798. : ACMENA (from Acmene, nymphs of Venus, who had an altar at Olympia). ORD. Myrtacew. A small genus evergreen shrubs. Flowers in dense trichoto- mous cymes, with five small distant petals, and very conspicuous and pretty berries. They grow well in- equal mixture of peat, loam, and sand. — readily by placing half-ripened cuttings in sand, und glass, without heat. Egret,

e

AN ee

*

OF HORTICULTURE. 15

. white, in threes,

May to tem ere fa at Sige t ayes + h. 4ft.. New Holland, 1 i

A. apes (ovate-leaved).*°A new species, having, according to Mr. W. Bull, ovate leaves, which, along with the stems and petioles, are dark purple, giving the plants, when making new growthyra striking appearance. It has a neat habit.

ACOKANTHERA. See Toxicophlea. ACONIOPTERIS. See Acrostichum.

ACONITE. See Aconitum.

ACONITE, ER. See Eranthis. ACONITUM (from Acong, o cone, a harbour of

Heraclea, in Bithynia, near where it is said to abound). Aconite; Monk’s Hood; Wolf’s Bane. ORD. Ranunculaceæ. An extensive genus of very ornamental hardy perennials. Flowers in terminal racemes; sepals five, the upper one helmet shaped, the two sides broader than the two back ones; petals five, small, the two upper with long claws the tip; the three inferior smaller or undeveloped. = Leaves palmate. They thrive well in any ordinary garden soil. If left undisturbed for several years, they will attain a goodly size, and produce fine panicles of handsome flowers. They are invaluable for growing beneath the shade of trees, where they succeed better than almost any other class of plants. All are very easily propagated by divisions of the roots and seeds; the latter should be sown as soon as ripe inacold frame. Care should be taken not to leave pieces of the roots about, for, with but one exception, those of all the species are very poisonous.. Although very unlike horse-radish, they have frequently been mistaken for it, with fatal results; and none of the species should be cultivated in or near the kitchen garden. Sect. I.—Roots, Tuberous,

-poi k u ur i r og art or lobes, h. 2ft. to 4ft. Switzerland, 1819.

album awhite-floweted)® pure white, large, with erect helmet, August, eit to l green, with oblong-cuneate divisions. 4ft. to 5ft. Levant, 1752. This is a rare and very

f pel. of pel- Berries

Aan in) Synonymous with A. rostratum. ee pene werd ). bluish-purple, large; spur Ani as une. with bit segment "he Bt to Sit. l deep blu aa biflorum (twin-flowered). fo en, covered

y A TEA alpine

species.

A. Cammarum (Cammarum). f. rich purple, on ra p loose spikes ; yg capitate ; helmet ETERAJ J oe September. with short, bluntish lobes. A. 3ft. to 4ft. Austria,

A. cernuum (drooping). /. violet, large, on nodding, loose. racemes ; aaa iniiai. or a little hooked ; helmet Kiet are beaked. July and August. l with trapeziform, pinnate ts Dba Branches ebe kun spreading. A. 3ft. to 4ft. Europe, 1800.

A. delphinifolium (Delphinium-leaved).* fl. pale bluish purple,

zo on loose racemes; spur a little hooked; helmet hemi- June. l. smooth, deeply cut into five parts. Stems

. h. in. to 2ft. North America, 1820. A rare alpine species,

a fl. blue, very large, in loose panicled spikes ;

mt; spur capitate, inclining. June. 2 with

3 h. 3ft. to 4ft. Europe, 1822.

eminent).* jl, blue, on erectly spreading pubescent

| porong a i with cuneate bi helinet closed ; lip very long, refracted. 1800. cuneate bipinnate lobes. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Europe,

A. eriostemon (woolly-stamened bluish-purple, disposed in long, pre n: tS aden a es; spur sae aed helmet „Switzerland. T m A with cuneate, bipinnate lobes. A. 4ft.

exaltatum (exalted), gh. ‘sok icles, with ascend- «Bagg branches spur somewhat ak honban: ere: Pyrenean thea traperiform, pinnate bes, h. 6ft.

Aconitum— continued.

Bec recommen ad a Meng hooked att = a e apes! eel

ed, inclining multifid, ciliated (as well as the pulled, whee ohn: vind, A et, Siberia. 1822.

A. gibbosum (swollen), Synonymous with A. nasutum.

A. Gmelini (Gmelin’s), fl. cream-coloured, middle-sized, on very long loose racemes; spur straight, obtuse ; bottom of the helmet rounded, cylindrical, July, J. on long staiks, villous beneath and shining ‘above; lobes divided into narrow segments, A, 2ft. Siberia, 1817. Syn. A. nitidum.

A. gracile (slender),* jl. pale blue or violet, large, on loose racemes ; spur erect, clavated-hooked ; helmet with a middle sized beak. June. Z smooth, with trapeziform, pinnate lo slender. h. 2ft. Italy, &c.

A. Halleri (Haller’s).* . opaque violet, on elongated, loose. racemes, With a few lateral icare ones ; spur capitate ; helmet convex-hemispherical, gaping. June. l lobes linear, dilated, bof og Stem straight, long, branched. h. 4it. to 6ft. —

A. H. bicolor (two-coloured),*

£ white, variegated with bine; disposed in spikes or panicles. June.

Fig. 17. FLOWER OF ACONITUM NAPELLUS, nearly Full Size,

A. hamatum (hooked). Synonymous with A. exaltatum. re hebegynum (blunt-styled), Synonymous with 4. paniculatum,

um (various-leaved 1l en ao~ in fom. large, numerous, y pray ae RS hag ae

below, sessile above, broadly cordate, coarsely todi ws opo edge, and deep green. A. 2ft. Himalayas, 1874, A new intro- duction, said to be non-poisonous, and used as a tonic in India.

woe og ie ne mer í jl. pale or a violet, on very loose and much branched panicles, large ; spur thick, lo ' abru re On beak blunt ; helmet sub- heeri aad pge Ees with broad cuneiform - lobes, and obtuse lobules. A. 4ft. 1821.

A. intermedium (intermediate). fi. blue, on a loi 3 with ascending stiff branches ; spur supine, somewhat | helmet arched. Juue. i. with trapeziform, pinnate lob to 4ft. Alps of Europe, 1820. =

A. japonicum (Japanese).* jl, flesh-coloured, on loose ‘panicles, fr ascending risi helmet arae i conical, a mucronate ; beak acute ste July to September. J. stalked, trifid; lateral lobes bitid, middle. lobe eid, all blunt and deeply

oothed. d round, ‘smooth, h. 6ft, Japan, 1790. One

16

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Aconitum — continued.

helmet arched, conical. June. J. with jagged, trapeziform -pinnate lobes. k. 3ft. Switzerland, 1820,

A. lycoctonum (true Wollf’s-bane).* fl. livid-violet, rather large ; racemes more or less pubescent, branched at the base; bottom of helmet cylindrical ; beak elongated. July. J. large, seven-parted. Stem slender, simple, upright. A. 4ft. to 6ft. Europe, 1596,

maximum (largest). fl. pale blue; panicle loose, furnished with a few long distant, few-flowered, pubescent branches ; spur short, incurved; helmet hemispherico-conical, obtuse, July. l. multifid, large, smooth. h. 6ft. Kamtschatka, 1823. A. meloctonum (Badger’s-bane). fl. cream-coloured, loose, ubescent ; panicle large, with diverging branches ; spur arched ; ttom of helmet conico-cylindrical. July. Z. five to seven- parted, deep green. A. 2ft. to4ft. Piedmont, 1821.

A. Meyeri (Meyer's). f. bluish purple, on pubescent peduncles ; spur capitate, inclining. June. l. with cuneate bipinnate lobes, h. 2ft. to 4ft. Bavaria, 1823.

A. molle (soft). fl. violet, large, puberulous; racemes panicled, pubescent ; helmet irregularly conical, obtuse; front erect ; spur capitate, ora little hooked. June. J. smooth, with trapeziform,

pinnate lobes, A. 2ft. to 6ft. 1820,

_ Fig. 18. Acontrum NAPELLUS, showing Root, Seed-pod, Flower- spike, Leaf, and Flower with Sepals removed.

A. Napellus (little turnip).* Common Monk’s Hood, fl. blue, on on aL e ee desired rho ees erect, pubescent ; ur capil : convex-hemispherical, gaping, smoothish ; lip revolute. | Summer. ce opedately five-lobed. h. 3ft. to aft. a great number of varieties of this species cultivated and introduced. following are some of the names repre- senting slightly varying forms which have, however, been regarded as species by Reichenbach and other authors: acutum, amenum, num, Braunii, callibotryon, Clusianum, com- mutatum, Se ornon; Funkianum, hians, Hoppeanum, rok srt Mishiehhofer', napelloites, : J igocarpus, rigidum, strictum, tenw - folium, venustum, virgatum, One of the most virulent of poisonous plants, both to cattle as well as human beings ; and, ieg om Foye eminently handsome appearance, it should only be plan laces where no danger is likel

its presence. See Figs. 17 and 18. eae M PERT Eataa from _. A. nasutum (great-nosed). fl. violet; panicle contracted; quit _ smooth ; spur elongated, arched ; helmet conical, bending forward: beak short. June. l with broad, trapeziform, pinnate 3

h. 3ft. Caucasus, &c., 1818. SYN. A. gibbosum. z

A. nitidum (shining). Synonymous with A. Gmelini.

E (Otto’s).* jl. blue, variegated with white; young pedi nodding ; spur supine, somewhat hooked; helmet i l with trapeziform, p bes, A, 2ft. to 4ft. Carpathian Mountains, 1824.

€ July, August. A, paniculatum (paniculate).* fl. large, y or contracte , more

r

| A. Willdenovii

a ( r much branched, ubescent - helmet conical, beaked; front sinuate. June to Eeptember:

Aconitum — continued.

l. smooth, with trapeziform, pinnate lobes, and Switzerland, 1815. Syn. A. hebegynum.

A. plicatum (folded), Synonymous with A. tawricum. A. productum (long-lipped). fl. violet, downy, on few-flowered,

h. 2ft. to 3ft. France

loose, pubescent racemes; helmet straight, irregularly convex- _

conical, with a drawn-out beak ; spur capitate. June. l, on long

stalks with three-narted lobes. A, lft. Siberia. A. rostratum (beaked).* jl. violet; panicle rather loose; spur

thick, depressed, globose; helmet conical, elongated, abruptly —

l. with trapeziform,

pointed in front; beak stretched out. June. Syn, A.

pinnate lobes, A, lft. to 2ft. Switzerland, 1752. alpinum.

A. Schleicheri (Schleicher’s). fl. blue or violet, middle sized, on short racemes; spur capitate; helmet convex-hemispherical, gaping, smoothishe#. Summer. Stem straight for infracted), simple, slender. A. Europe. SYN. A. vulgare,

A. semigaleatum (half-helmeted). jl. pale blue, pubescent — when qoa , on very loose racemes ; padanges elongated; spur hooked ; helmet convex, navicular. June. 1. branous, smooth ; root about the size and form of a pea. h. 6in. to 2ft. Kamtschatka, 1818.

A. Sprengelii(Sprengel’s). /l. bluish purple; spur obtuse, straight. — a with blunt, bipinnate lobes, A. 3ft. to 4ft. Europe,

t. to 5ft.

A. tauricum (Taurian).* fl. deep blue, disposed in dense racemes} :

posunie erect, smooth ; lateral sepals smooth inside; opns blunt;

elmet closed, hemi-spherical. June. l segments almost palto disposed and divided into linear acuminate lobes. A. ft. to 4ft. Germany, 1752. SYN. A. plicatum. th

A. tortuosum (twisting), jl. pale or deep violet, large; pani loose, few flowered ; spur trite long, abruptly pointed (neither arched, nor convolute). July, 7% smooth, with narrow wedge- siapa lobes, and acute lobules. h. 6ft. to 8ft. North America,

A. toxicum (very poisonous). fi. violet, large, pubescent, on loose, also pu t, racemes; a Seky: helmet large, arched with a blunt beak, June. č. smooth, with trapeziform pinnate — Stem flexuous, almost simple. A. 2ft, America,

A. uncinatum (hooked).* f erally lilac, large, smooth; racemes loose, rather umbellate a A op X, vel a panicled somewhat spiral, inclined ; roche ata

di

July. 4. with trapeziform pinnate lobes. Stem wil S ee from the axils of the leaves, A. 4ft, to 8ft. Ne

Fic. 19, ACONITUM VARIEGATUM, showing Habit and Flower. variegatum iegated).* fl. blue. large, smooth; racemes ae Joose; Spur erect, p alera nna ; helmet bent for kard, inflated; beak ascending. July. Z. lower, on stalks uppen sessile, smooth, thickish, Fig. 19. A. = albiflorum (white-flowered).* fl. white, small straight.

A. v. bicolor (two-coloured).* fl. white, edged with blue or lilac; —

helmet straight. A. vulgare (common). A synonym of A. Schleicheri.

(Willdenow’s).* f bintsh- par les peduncles

pescent ; spur obtuse, straight. bart. to Sit. | Carniola, 1823. Sect, II.—Roots, Fibrous or Napiform. hs thora (Anthora).* f. pale yellow ; panicles gene peo ur aieri Ri obcordate; helmet arched. mately cut into linear lobes. h, ift. to 2ft.

species by some authors : x

l. with finely jagged lobes. 4

multifid, few, ise i

a

icled., spur ©

h. 1ft. to 6ft. Europe, 1597, See ;

e following varieties of A. Anthora are erroneously classed as |

Tx ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF Recntiacamone. : "o

iaa

A: helmet rather i conical, Da

ith h'a sh ~ acuminated beak. l. with rather larg large dark green lobe ps of Jura, 1873.

A. a. eulophum (well-crested). 7. yellow; cles and flowers puberulous ; helmet conical. y eking 1821. pani

yellow; pri A flowers

A grandifiorum (large-flowered). fl. yellow, large; penia; Ee, and fruit Aena helmet rather coni Alps of - Jura, 1821.

A. a, Jacq

uinii (Jacquin’s). jl. yellow, smooth; helmet some- what conic: cael, drawn out into an elongated beak.

A. a. nemorosum (grove-loving).* Jl er — and flowers ubescent ; helmet somewhat conical, bent; beak short. l. with road lobes.

A. autumnale (autumn-flowering).* B panicles; peduncles rigidly i ol closed ; lip very long, refrac lobes. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Europe.

A. barbatum (bearded).* fl. cream coloured, . middle rer

racemes dense, puberulous ; Spur straightish, obtuse ; bottom of

helmet conical ; middle sepals densely bearded. July. l. opaque,

with the lobes divided into many linear segments, on long stalks,

which are villous as well as the nerves. A, 2ft. to 6ft. Siberia, "Syn. A. squarrosum,

Pog Ghinense (Chinese).* fl. intense bit ei bri; Sage ie een * in —— compound racemes; pedicels l. lower ones ares, daspay cut into tise Bora

base ; upper ones sessili ‘igeshary becoming more entire. “haf toe Chin 1658 4

ish- le, in loose A ar helmet cuneate, bipinnate

’s). fl. cream.

long, cy crowded, tere y os the 7 tears os maid “spiral

helmet constricted, clavate. July. L large, seven to nine- with the lobes unequally cleft, 2ft. to 3ft, Pyrenees, boo

A. lupicidum (Wolf's-bane), Synonymous with A. Vulparia.

macrophyllum (large-leaved). jl, yellow, numerous, panicled ; ur arched; helmet large, somewhat ventricose at the apex. Jay. L large, more or less dissected. h. 4ft. to 8ft. Germany.

A. Nuttallii (Nuttall’s). Synonymous with A. ochroleucum.

A. ochroleucum (yellowish-white).* fl. cream coloured, large ; spur arched ; bottom of helmet conico-cylindrical ; middle sepals covered with short hairs; ; racemes puberulous, rather loose. July. l. five to seven-parted, deep green, the first ones are pube- rulous above. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Russia, 1794. SYNS. A. Nuttaliii, A, ate

pa (Pallas’). Probably a mere variety, with a continuous =- spur, of r7 anthora.

A. pallidum (pale). Synonymous with A. ochroleucum.

ean).* f. yellow, rather large ; M003 i , rounded; racemes m With pir get 1a barted almost to the base, : ph ve, on long stalks, A. 2ft. Pyrenees, &c., 1739. zs peo h). Synonymous with A. barbatum. vulparia (Fox-bane).* 4. yellow, smooth ; : oma 3 yale Bo stretched out, acute ; racemes Europe, 1821. S A ilai. dum The tie A. v. (Ca panicled lurid colou: Pooma -nas variegated with £ =s T

ressed ; peduncles smooth, Lie foundly cut. Stems smooth, h 2ft to 3ft. : Carpathian Mountan, 1810, wia

v. Cynoctonum (tall s-bane). and stem per en iy numerous, brte h. Sft. toate France, a

v. moldavicum (Moldavian). ; helmet ge om compressed. h. 3ft. to 4th Moldavite A. v. rubicundum (reddish). fl. livid violet, panded villous,

variegated with yellow; helmet conico- cylindrical, compressed. A, 2ft. to 3ft. Siberia, 1819,

A. v. septentrionale (northern).* helmet conico-cylindrical, compressed.

blue, panicled, villous; h. 4ft. North Europe,

ACONTIAS. See Xanthosoma.

RN. The seed or fruit of the oak. See Quercus. ACORUS (from a, without, and kore, the pupil of the eye; in allusion to its reputed medicinal qualities). ORD. Aroideæ. A _small genus of hardy herbaceous plants. ; perianth six-qleft, inferior, per- in a moist soil, and are very

2d

Acorus—continued. : e ; epit, Huo mealea iaiaaeaia

z Fic. 20. ACORUS CALAMUS,

E ia paris than the abore China, 1796. This is much smaller

E all its parts the above, but very pretty.

A. g. variegatus.* A pretty variety with white striped leaves, A ann handsome little tufts. X y ACOTYLEDONS. Plants having no cotyledons, or

seed leaves, as in Cuscuta, but usually applied to crypto-

gamic or flowerless plants, such as ferns, mosses, &c. ACRADENIA (from akra, top, and aden, a gland;

referring to the five glands on the top of the ovary). ORD.

Rutacee, An excellent neat and compact evergreen bush,

suitable for the cool conservatory. It requires a rich loam

and leaf mould. Propagated by seeds and cuttings under

a bell glass.

an Pigeon fl. white,

fusion, in August. l Eiifolintey gland-dotted. A Bf.” Tasmania, 1846. ACRE (from agros, an open field). The English Statuto acre consists of 160 square rods (perches, poles, roods, or lugs); or 4840 square yards; or 43,560 square feet. — The following list shows the differentiation in the number of square yards per acre in the various districts of Great Britain and Ireland: Cheshire, 10,240; Cornish, 5760; Cunningham, 6250; Derby (W.), 9000; Devonshire, 4000; Herefordshire, 32263 ; Irish, 7840; Leicestershire, 2308] ; Scotch, 6150; Wales, North (customary), $240; ditto

(erw), 4320 ; Westmoreland, 6760; Wiltshire, 3630

_ACRIDOCARPUS (from akris, a locust ; and oaia fruit; meaning not obvious). ORD. Malpighiacee. A handsome sub-tropical or warm greenhouse climber, re- quiring plenty of water, and a very free drainage. In- a TN eating: oe ea

uced in great

. natalitius (Natal).* ellow;

shaped, poset me et pala yy pat tal yon p aage + parein a

terminal. July. 1, oblong or obovate, obtuse, ae

ACRIOPSIS (from akros, top, and opeis, a Orchidacee. A small genus of pretty stove epiphytal o almost unknown to cultivation. Flowers small, a in loose panicles; lip adnate to the very curions | oC from which it projects at right ome i A. densiflora (crowded-flowered).*

linear-lanceolate. h. 6in. Borneo, i A. ja Jay l

Aie ohe Si Java, 1340. A. yellow, green. May. z

“esr eee: sey. & solitary,

18

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Acroclinium— continued.

tubular florets; involucrum many-leaved, imbricated. Leaves numerous, linear, smooth, acuminated. Stems, numerous, erect. They thrive best in a loamy soil, and constitute very neat summer flowering annuals if sown out of doors in patches in June; they are also useful as winter decorative greenhouse plants if seed is sown in August in pots placed in a cold frame. The flower-heads setae be gathered when young, if it is desired to preserve em,

Fic. 21. ACROCLINIUM ROSEUM, showing Habit and Flower.

A, roseum (rosy).* /l.-heads pretty rose, solitary, terminal, on erect, slender, and grace: wt disposed branches. l. linear, acute, h. lft. to 2ft. S. W. Australia, 1854. See Fig. 21.

A. r. album (rosy white).* A very pretty white form of the

preceding. A.r. g rum flowered).* fl.-heads than in A homans (large- ).* fl. rose, larger

© ACROCOMIA (from akros, top, and kome, tuft; refer- -~ ring to the position of the leaves). OBD. Palmacee. A = genus of South American palms, containing about eleven species, which are not easily distinguished, but having the ollowing general characteristics: Trunk from 20ft. to 50ft. - high, and clad with long prickles. The flowers, which appear in the axils of the lower leaves, are greenish or yellow, and their drupes are much the same colour. Leaves pinnate, with seventy to eighty leaflets on each side of the pinnæ. They require a warm greenhouse and rich sandy loam. Increased by suckers. Two species only are in general cultivation.

A. aculeata (prickly). h. 40ft. West Indies, 1791.

A. fusiformis (spindle-shaped). h. 40ft. Trinadad, 1731.

A. globosa (globular). h. 20ft. St. Vincent, 1824.

_ A. horrida (horrid). h. 30ft. Trinidad, 1820.

A. lasiospatha (hairy spathed). J. drooping. Trunk about 40ft. _ high, smooth and ringed. Para, 1846. AK

scelerocarpa (hard-fruited).* A very elegant species bearing a head of spreading pinnate leaves, with the rachises and petioles

e, and the leaflets linear, taper-pointed, glaucous under neath about lit. long. A. 40ft. West Indies, 1731. Syn. Cocos

A. tenuifolia (fine-leaved). h. 30ft. Brazil, 1824. Plants increasing at the summit, as

Ferns, &c.

a ACRONYCHIA (from akron, tuft, and onus, a = claw ; referring to the curved points of the petals). ORD. Rutacee. An ornamental rue-like greenhouse evergreen shrub. Petals and sepals four; stamens eight, inserted on a disk; fruit berry-like. It requires ordinary greenhouse treatment. Increased by cuttings in July in sand, under a bell glass. :

A. Cunninghami (Cunningham’s).* fl. white, in clusters, resem. = aon hoe of at with an exquisite fragrance. ACROPERA. See Gongora. _ ACROPHORUS. See Davallia, ACROPHYLLUM (from akros, top, leaf;

; referring to the way in which the leaves d at the summit of the branches, above the flowers).

e. July. A Tit.

- lobed lower pinnules. fi long, deltoid, wit.

acea-

O g

Acrophyllum—continued.

Cunoniacee. Handsome greenhouse small, erect-growing, evergreen shrubs, flowering profusely during the spring months. They require a mixture of fibrous peat, a little loam, and sharp sand ; thorough drainage, an airy situation, and as little artificial heat as possible, are important to its well-being. Re-pot in February. Propagated by cuttings of the half ripened shoots, which strike freely in a soil of sand and peat, if covered with a hand glass, and placed in a cool house. The roots should not be allowed to get dry, and light syringing during late spring and summer will be found beneficial in assisting to keep down thrips.

A. verticillatum (whorled). A synonym of A.venosum.

A. venosum (veined).* fl. pinkish white, in dense axillary spikes, which are borne on the upper part of the stems and branches. May and June. J. nearly sessile, oblong, cordate, acute, serrate, in whorls of threes, h. 6ft. New South Wales. Syn, A. verticillatum.

ACROPTERIS. See Asplenium.

ACROSTICHUM (from akros, top, and stichos, order ; meaning very obscure), ORD. Filices. This genus includes Aconiopteris, Chrysodium, Egenolfia, Elaphoglossum, Gym- nopteris, Olfersia, Polybotrya, Rhipidopteris, Soromanes, Stenochlena, Stenosemia. A large and almost entirely tropical genus; it includes groups with a wide range in venation and cutting. Sori spread over the whole surface of the frond or upper pinnse, or occasionally over both sur- faces. The species having long fronds, are admirably suited for growing in suspended baskets, and the dwarfer sorts do wellin Wardian cases. A compost of peat, chopped sphagnum, and sand, is most suitable. For general treat- ment and culture, see Ferns. ~

r-pointed).* rhi imbing. i. 4in. ans eph pon ).* rhiz. thick, climbing. sti ni

A. to 6in. lo

acuminatum. A. alienum (foreign). rhiz. woody. sti. 6in. to 18in. long, scaly downwards. barren fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, often 1ft. broad, the upper part deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes, the lower part pinnate, with entire or deeply pinnatifid lower pinnæ., fertile fronds much smaller, with distant narrow linear or pinnatifid leafy pinnæ. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN, Gymnopteris aliena. A. apiifolium (parsley-leaved).* cau. stout, woody, erect, sti. of barren fronds 2in. to šin. long, erect, densely clothed with tomen- tum. barren fronds 4in, to 6in. each way, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnæ close, only the lowest pair with pinnatifid pinnules, ulti- mate divisions oblong-rhomboidal, łin. to jin. long, the base cuneate, the outer edge slightly toothed. fertile fronds on a slender naked stem 6in. to 8in. long, the fronds. panicled with a few distant, slender, simple, or compound branches. Philippine Islands, 1862, Stove species. Syn. Polybotrya apiifolia, A. apodum (stemless).* cau. thick, woody, the scales dense, linear, brown, crisped. sti. tufted, very short, or obsolete. O@rrem Fronds lft. or more long, 14in. to 2in. broad, the apes acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge and midrib densely fringed with soft, short, brown hairs. fertile fronds much smaller than the barren ones. West Indies to Peru, 1824, Stove species. SYN. Hiaphoglossum apodum. A. appendiculatum (appendaged).* rhiz, firm, woody. barren howe A 6in. to 18in, lo “hn. to ĝin. road, simply pinnate. sti. din. ed, or slightly scaly; pinnæ 2in. to 4in. long, łin. to Zin. broad, the e varying fro. t

inne roundish or . Stove species.

eum (golden).* cau. erect. sti. erect, 1ft. to 2ft. long, strong. gy oe 2ft. (oiie s , lft. to 2ft. broad, the upper pinne fertile, — rather smaller than the barren ones, which are usually stalked, ligulate oblong, Zin. to 1ft. long, żin. to Sin. broad, acute or blunt, “sometimes retuse with a mucro; edge quite entire, base sub-cuneate. — . Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres, 1815. An evergreen aquatic stove species, requiring abundance of heat and — moisture. SYN. Chrysodium aureum. auritum (eared).* cau. erect, woody. barren fronds with a sn bin. rA long, deltoid, 8in. to 12in. each way, ternate, ` the central segments deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate e lobes; the lateral ones unequal sided, with lanceolate oblong- ertile fronds with a stem 12in. to 18in- with distant linear pinne half line broad ; upper

OF HORTICULTURE.

p o> rhiz. slender, wide scandent. barren long, about lin. broad, simple, the t bluntish, the edge entire, the lower half uper ey, ually tothe base or short stem. fertile fronds bin. to 12in. long, one to

! three lines broad, flexuose, on a stem lin. to 6in. long. Hima-

: _ layas. Greenhouse species. SYN. Chrysodium axillare.

_ A. barbatum (bearded). Synonymous with A. scolopendrifolium.

A. bifurcatum (twice-forked), sti, densely tufted, 2in. to 4in. long, slender, stramineous, naked. fronds 3in. to 4in. long, about sin: broad, pinnate ; lower pinne of fertile fronds two or three cleft, with linear divisions ; those of the barren pinnæ b er, and not so deep. St. Helena. Greenhouse species. Syn. Polybotrya bifurcata.

A. Blumeanum (Blume's).* rhiz. woody, wide dinde sti. of barren fronds 6in. long, scaly. barren fronds 1ft. to 3ft. long, 1ft. or more broad, with numerous sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, lin. broad; apex acuminate, the edge slightly toothed; base rounded. fertile fronds with distant pinnae 4in. to 8in.long, tin. to jin. broad, Assam. Greenhouse SYN. Chrysodium Blumeanum.

A. callæfolium (calla-leaved). A form of A. latifolium. A. canaliculatum (channelled).* rhiz. woody, wide guo th out. i tri te; lower road ; | acuan lan-

A. caudatum (tailed). A synonym of A. petiolosum.

A. cervinum (stag-horned).* rhiz. woody, _—— scaly. sti, 1ft. or more long, scaly. barren fronds 2it. to 4ft. long, pinnate; pinnæ 4in. to Qin. long, lin. to 2in. broad, entire or nearly so, unequal at the base; fertile pinnw distant, linear, lanceolate, bipinnate, with short spreading sub-cylindrical pinnules, Brazil, 1840. Stove species. SYN. Olfersia cervina.

A. conforme (conformed). rhiz. wide creeping, scaly. sti, lin, to 12in. long, firm, erect, stramineous, naked or slightly scaly. fronds 2in. to Yin. long, żin. to 2in, broad, acute or bluntish, the base cuneate or spathulate, the edge entire. barren fronds narrower than the fertile one. <A. laurifolium, A. obtusilobum, and several others, are identical with the foregoing. Tropical America, also in the Old World. Stove species, SYN. Hlapho- glossum conforme,

and rooting

it, ti Gin. long, lin. to Zin. broad ;

ertile pinne 2in. to 3in. long, about jin. broad. India, &c., 1828. Stove species. SYN. Gymnopteris flagellifera,

A. foeniculaceum (fennel-leaved).* rhiz. slender, sti. distant, slender, 2in. to 8in. long, scaly. barren to Zin, broad, usually dichotomously, forked, with divisions, fertile fronds iin. broad, two-lobed, Andes of Ecuador, Stove species. (For culture, see A. peltatum). SYN. Rhipidopteris Jeniculaceum.

A. Herminieri (Herminier’s).* rhiz. stout, creeping. sió. ue short, or none. barren fronds 1}ft. to 3ft. long, lin. to 14in. b simple, acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually. fer- tile fronds 2 Page = to 4in. long, Pwo "o tia — Tropical America, 1871. Stove species, SYN. phoglossum RMarminieri

rhiz. slender, wide

Acrostichum—continued.

A, longifolium (long-leaved). A form of A, latifolium. vm Meyerianum (Meyer's). Synonymous with A, tenuifolium, muscosum (mossy).* rhiz. woody, densely scaly. sti. 4in, to pl ry. Sna aged ‘with large y brow scales, barren M long, lin. to 14in. simple, narrowed at ; r slightly scaly ; lower quite hidden by barren fronds much smaller than the

house species, SYN,

indies nt little fern requires is best grown in a well d

20

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Acrostichum— continued.

lanceolate, pinnatifid, the longest sometimes 18in. long, and 6in. to 10in. broad ; pinnules with long falcate lobes reaching half-way down to the midrib, both surfaces naked ; fertile pinnules very narrow, and dangling, continuous or beaded, West Indies, Mexico,

&c. Stove species. SYNS. Polybotrya and A. caudatum.

A. piloselloides (mouse ear-leaved). Synonymous with A. spathu- latum.

A. platyrhynchos (broad-beaked). sti. tufted, scarcely any. S Tia to 16in. Jong, lin. broad, simple. sori in a patch at the apex, lin. to 2in. long, šin. broad, which does not reach to the entire edge; the lower part narrowed gradually, with naked surfaces, and a coriaceous texture. Philippines. Stove species, SYN. Hymenolepis platyrhynchos,

A. quercifolium (oak-leaved).* rhiz. stout, wide creeping. sti. of barren fronds lin. to 2in. long, clothed with brownish hairs, barren fronds šin. to 4in. long, I4in. to 2in. broad, the terminal pinne with blunt rounded lobes. fertile fronds with a terminal

inna, lin. to 2in. long, one line broad, and a pair of smaller

teral ones, with slender stipes 6in. to 9in. long, hairy at the base. Ceylon. Stove species. SYNS. A. Neitnerti (of gardens), Gymnopteris quercifolia.

A. scandens (climbing).* rhiz. woody, wide climbing. sti. 3in. to 4in. long, firm, erect, naked. fronds lft. to 3ft, long, 1ft. or more broad, simply pinnate; barren pinne, 4in, to 8in. long, fin. to 14in. broad, acuminate, the edge thickened and serrulate, the base cuneate, sessile, or slightly stalked, articulated ; fertile pinne, 6in. to 12in. long, one and a half to two lines broad, the lower ones

i t. Himalayas, &c.,1841. Stove or greenhouse species, SYN. scandens,

A. lium (scolopendrium-leaved).* rhiz. woody, creeping, scaly. sti, 4in. to 12in. long, firm, erect, densely clothed with blackish scales. barren fronds often lft. long, Liin. to 3in. broad, simple, acute, the base narrowed gradually ; edge and mid- rib scaly. fertile fronds much smaller than the barren ones. Guatemala, &c. Stove species. SYN. A. barbatum. |

A. serratifolium (serrate-leaved). rhiz, woody, short creeping. sti. of barren fronds 12in. to 18in. long, =e i scaly. barren fronds 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in, broad, with numerous sessile pinnz on each side, Sin. to 6in, long, gin. to Ma broad, inciso-

crenate, the base cuneate; fertile pinne distant, 2in. to 3in. long,

po to żin. broad, blunt, entire. Ven Stove species.

YN. Chrysodiwm serratifolium. s>

A. simplex (simple-leaved.) rhiz. woody, creeping, scaly. ie lin. to 4in. long, firm, erect, naked. u i 1 ae about broad, very acute, the lower part narrowed ve 3 . Jertile fronds narrower than the barren ones, wit

ger Cuba to Brazil, 1798. Stove species. SYN. Hlapho-

A

40ft. ing trees like a cable, sometimes prickly. fronds 12in, to 18in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate; barren pinne 4in. to 6in, ong, about 4in.broad, three to twenty on each

ted at the base, entire or toothed; fertile pinnæ lin. to 2in. apart, 2in. to 4in. long, about jin. broad. West Indies, 1793. There are several varieties of this species, chiefly differing a the number of pinnz. Stove species. SYN. Stenochlena sorbi-

A. s. cuspidatum (cuspidate).* This is only a variety of the above species with long-stalked, ligulate-cuspidate pinne; but it is usually regarded as a distinct species in gardens.

A. spathulatum (spoon-shaped). sti. tufted, lin. to 2in. long, firm,

erect, scaly. barren fronds sin. to 4in. long, jin. to 4in. broad,

ee asic, blunt, tapering narrowly or gradually at the

base, with a coriaceous texture; both surfaces and the margins

: ee fertile fronds smaller than the barren, with

longer Tropical America, South Africa, &c. Stove species. es.

A. spicatum (spiked). rhiz. woody, short creeping. sti. lin. to in bone, fone ted 6in. to 18in. ‘long, din. to lin broad, the upper part contracted and fertile, entire, the lower part narrowed

very gr: . Himala; i p a eg + , yas, &c. Greenhouse species, SYN. (sealy).* rhiz, woody, densely scaly, sti. 2in. to

4in. long, densely hed with pale dark- barren fi . to 12in. long, aloes in, soley geen yoo

simple ually; both sides matted, and the ed ; scales, fertile fronds as long st + barren ones, but much narrower, the stipes much longer, Widely pheres, Sto house species.

_ SYN. A, paleaceum,

= subdiaphanum (semi-transparent) ad or maba 2in. to 6in. long, firm, e ) Bin. long, lin. to 14in. broad, simple, both ends narrowed,

cau. woody, erect. sti,

I Jertile fronds much narrower, on longer stipes. — Te Greenhouse species. SYN. Aconiopteris subdiaphana, — . Subrepandum (slighty-waved).* rhi sti. of barren stout, erect, nearl ee et me | broad, copio: linear. en or subrepand pinnz on each sometimes 4

others, but smaller. Isle of Luzon, &c. Gymnopteris subrepanda. a

(service-leaved).* rhiz. thick, woody, often 30ft. to .

rect, scaly. barren fronds 4in. to

Acrostichum—continued.

A. tacczefolium (yew-leaved).* cau. woody, densely scaly. sti. of barren fronds lin. to 4in. long, scaly. barren fr from lft. to 2ft. long, 3in. to 12in. broad, simple, oblong-lanceolate, entire, copiously pinnate, with oblong-lanceolate pinne, lin. to 6in. long, żin. to 14in. broad, the upper ones narrowly decurrent, the lower ones forked at the base on the under side. fertile fronds simple, 6in. to 12in. long, Jin. broad, or pinnate, with forked linear pinne. The three-lobed form of this species is sometimes known as A. Por ae Philippines. Stove species. SYN. Gymnopteris taccee-

old,

A. tenuifolium (narrow-leaved).* rhiz. wide scandent, woody, slightly scaly. barren fronds simply pinnate, the stipes 4in. to 6in. long, naked, firm, erect, the fronds 3ft. to 5ft. long, 12in. to 18in. broad; pinnæ 6in to Yin. long, Zin. to 14in. broad, acuminate, the edge thickened and serrulate, short-stalked. fertile fronds bi- pinnate, with longer stipes; pinne long-stalked, with numerous distant pinnules. South Africa. Stove or greenhouse species. Syns. A. Meyerianum and Stenochlena tenuifolia.

A. trilobum (three-lobed). A form of A. taccefolium.

A. villosum (hairy).* rhiz. woody, densely scaly. sti. 2in. to ĝin. long, slender, densely clothed with scales. barren fronds 6in. to 9in. long, lin. to lin. broad, acute, the lower part narrowed gradually; both surfaces scaly, and the edge more or Jess ciliated. fertile fronds much smaller than the others. Mexico, &c. Stove species.

A. viscosum (clammy).* rhiz. woody, creeping, densely scaly. sti. 3in, to 6in. Jong, firm, erect, scaly, often viscous, barren fronds bin. to 12in, long, 4in. to lin, broad, simple, acute, the lower part narrowed gradually; both surfaces more or less viscid, and minutely scaly. fertile fronds smaller, with longer stipes. Tropical America and the tropics of the Old World, 1 ery variable in form. Stove species.

ACROTRICHE (from akros, top, i.e., outermost— and thriz, a hair; the tips of the petals are bearded). ORD. Epacridacew. A genus of eight or nine species of dwarf, much branched, ornamental greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Flowers white or red; spikes axillary, short; corolla funnel-shaped ; petals with deflexed hairs at apex. Cultivated in an equal mixture of sandy loam and peat, and propagated by cuttings made of the young shoots,

oi

solitary. Holland

A. divaricata (straggling).* fi. white, small, in axillary spikes, May. J. lanceolate, mucronate, divaricate, flat, both surfaces green, h. 6in. to 1ft. New South Wales, 1824.

A. ovalifolia (oval-leaved). f. white, small, in axillary spikes. March. J. ovate and oval, obtuse, flat, with smooth margins. h. 6in. to lft. New Holland, 1824.

ACTZEA (from aktaia, an Elder; in allusion to the re- semblance of the foliage to that of the Elder), Baneberry. ORD. Ranunculacee. A small genus of perennial her- baceous plants, with bi- or triternate leaves, and long, erect racemes of whitish flowers, which are succeeded by poisonous berries. ‘They are excellent subjects for shady places, beneath trees, or in the wild garden. Easily increased by division of the roots, and seed during spring. A. alba (white).* fl. white ; racemes simple; per foo janes

lanceolate, serrate or cut. Berries white,

to 14ft. N. America. $

en

Fic. 23. AcTMa spicata, showing Habit and Raceme of Flowers. —

| A. spicata (spiked).* fl. white, or bluish; racemes ovate. Summer. Appa eae o

‘oblong, black, poisonous. t. England. “Seo Fig. 25. :

P

AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA

OF HORTICULTURE. 21

Actæa—continued.

A. s. rubra (red).* This differs from the type in having bright red nls thn =: A l olga tere in dense clusters a spikes pyærtoppiiy the foliage, rth America. A very handsome

hardy pere:

ACTINELLA (from aktin, a ray; small rayed). ORD. Composite. A small genus of hardy herbaceous plants, having radiate capitules. The only species worth culti- vating is A. grandiflora. It thrives in an open border and a light soil. Increased by divisions of the root in spring.

gran * -heads a Sin "Soles Bekaeee h. fin? to Oe, gi y

A sat pretty branched perennial, suitable for the alpine

garden.

A. lanata (woolly). See Eriophyllum czspitosum,

ACTINIDIA (from aktin, aray; the styles radiate like the spokes of a wheel). ORD. Ternstremiacew. A genus of ornamental hardy deciduous climbing shrubs, with axillary corymbs of flowers; sepals and petals imbricate. Leaves entire. Excellent for trellis-work or walls, and thriving best. in a light rich soil. Increased by seeds, layers, or euttings; the latter should be put in under a hand light in autumn, in sandy soil.

A. Kolomikta (Kolomikta).* 71. white, solitary, axillary, or cymose, din. in diameter; peduncles about sin. long. Summer. l. ovate- oblong, petiolate, rounded, or su te at the base, and tapering into a long Sgn serrate; the autumnal tints are very handsome, changing to white and red, N.E. Asia, 1880, Rarely met with. i

gama (polygamous white, fragrant. Summer. l. cor- A Royen potialate. ae 1870. The berries of this species

„are edible.

volubilis (twining).* f. white, small. June. J. oval, on

i a geie e ptiz, on climbing stems. Japan, 1874. A

_ Very free growing wing species. See Fig. 24.

_ ACTINIOPTERIS (from aktin, a ray, and pteris, a fern ; the fronds are radiately cut into narrow segments).

ORD. Filices. Sori linear-elongated, sub-marginal; invo-

lucre (— indusium) the same shape as the sorus, folded over

it, placed one on each side of the narrow segments of the

: frond opening towards the midrib. A small genus of

beautiful and distinct stove ferns. They thrive in a com-

post of equal parts crocks and charcoal, about the size of peas, which must be

— ee ect drainage being necessary. A

mixed with silver sand and a very | small portion of loam and peat. About half the pot should |

Actiniopteris—continued. moist atmosphere is also essential, and the plants may be syringed two or three times a day. A mean summer temperature of 78deg. to 80deg., with a night one of not less than 65deg., is desirable. In winter, a mean tem- perature of about 73deg., and a night one of not less than 60deg., should be maintained.

radiata (rayed).* sti. densely tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.

fan shaped, lin. to 14in. each way, composed of numerous dichoto-

mous segments, half line broad, those of the fertile frond

longer than those of the barren one. India, &c.; very serie

distributed, 1869. In form this elegant little species is a perf

miniature of the Fan Palm, Latania borbonica,

A. r. australis (southern),* A variety of above es; the leaf segments are fewer, larger, and subulate at the point, the plant is much larger and more vigorous,

ACTINOCARPUS (from aktin, a ray, and karpos, fruit; referring to its curiously radiated fruit, resembling a star fish). ORD. Alismacew. Pretty little aquatic pe- rennials, with habit and inflorescence of Alisma. Carpels six to eight, connate at base, spreading horizontally. Ex- cellent for naturalising in bogs and pools. Increased by seeds and divisions during spring. l A. Damasonium (Damasonium). 7. white, very delicate; each

Fic. 24, ACTINIDIA VOLUBILIS.

— has a yellowspot at the base; scapes with a terminal umbel. une, J, radical, on long petioles, sometimes floating, elliptical,

five-nerved. A native aquatic,

smaller).* This ies, also with white flowers, from

A. minor New South Wales, is smaller, and requires a greenhouse tem-

perature.

ACTINOMERIS (from aktin, a ray, and meris,a part; referring to the radiated aspect of the plants). ORD. Compo E A A small genus of deciduous herbaceous pere nials allied to Helianthus, but with compressed and wingi achenes. « Flower-heads corymbose, Coreopsis-like._ Leaves ovate or lanceolate, serrate. They are very — plants, and of easy cultivation, in a loamy £ in spring, by seeds and division of the ro border, with or without hand lights, or in cold E They are all natives of America, and but little known in this country, except A. helianthoides. _ stalked). f.-heads yellow. July. A. it. “America,

(sun flower-like).* fl. Ags yellow, Zin. across FY te B.A 105 , |

22 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Actinomeris — continued.

A. squarrosa (rough-headed).* fl.-heads yellow, in loose terminal panicles, July ang ‘August. J. decurrent, broadly lanceolate, coarsely toothed tem sauare, winged. h. 3ft. North America, 1640. Syn. Verbesina Coreopsis.

ACTINOPHYLLUM. See Sciodaphyllum.

ACTINOTUS (from actinotos, furnished with rays. ; re- ferring to the involucre). ORD. Umbelliferæ. An Austra- lian genus of greenhouse herbaceous perennials. Flowers shortly pedicellate, numerously disposed on simple umbels; petals none. Leaves alternate, petiolate. They thrive best in loam and peat, and are increased by root division and seeds. The latter should be raised on a hotbed, in spring, and in May the seedlings may be transplanted out in the open border in a warm situation, where they will flower and seed freely.

A. helianthi (sunflower).* i. white, in many-flowered capitate ea

umbels ; involucrum many ved, radiating, longer than the

flowers, June. J. alternate, bipinnatifid ; lobules bluntish.

h. 2ft. New Holland, 1821. Syn. Eriocalia major.

A. leucocephalus (white-headed). Swan River. 1837.

fl. white. June. h. 2ft.

Fie. 25, ADA AVRANTIACA,

ACULEATUS. Armed with prickles. ACULEOLATUS. Armed with small prickles,

_ ACULEUS. A prickle ; a conical elevation of the skin of a plant; becoming hard and sharp-pointed. ACUMEN. An acute terminal angle. ACUMINATE. Extended into an acute tenninal angle; this word is confined to considerable exten: ACUNNA OBLONGA. See Bejarik ACUTE: Piui

: A. ameena(p leasing).* -soli

ADA (a complimentary name). ORD. Orchidacee. A genus of evergreen orchid, very closely allied to Brassia, from which it differs chiefly in having the lip parallel with, and solidly united to, the base of the column. Some authorities now refer the plant to the genus Mesospi- nidium. It requires to be potted in peat and sphagnum, in equal parts. The drainage must be perfect, and, during summer, the water supply profuse. Although in winter far less will suffice, the plant should not be allowed to become dry—indeed, it must never be “rested.” Propagated by divisions as soon as the plant commences growth.

A. aurantiaca (orange).* jl. orange-scarlet, in long terminal nodding racemes, each bearing from six to ten blossoms. Its elongated petals are streaked with black inside, Winter and spring. J. two or three to each plant, linear, dark green, about 6in. in length. Habit erect, wit somewh: at "cylindrical pseudo- . bulbs, which taper upwards. This species lasts a considerable time in perfection. See Fig. 25.

ADAMIA (named after John Adam, some time Governor- — General of India, and a promoter of natural history). ORD. Sawifragacee. A small genus of Hydrangea-like greenhouse ~ evergreen shrubs, having many flowered terminal corymbs « flowers, and opposite, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, serrated leaves. They thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings will root readily in a similar compost, under a hand glass.

cyanea (blue-berried). i whitish, or pink. June. h., 6ft.

<n in rocky places, 18)

“peduncles, di (wood). fl. blue; cymes nearly undivided, on short uncles disposed in a close panicle. June. h. 6ft. Java,

A. e EEE fi. blue. August. China, 1844. ADAM'S APPLE. See Musa paradisiaca and Citrus Limetta. ADAMSIA. See Geum, Puschkinia, Sieversia. ADAM’S NEEDLE. See Yucca. ADANSONIA (named after Mi l eminent French botanist). Baobab Tree. i liaceœ. This is reputed to be one of the largest. trees in the world, as far as the girth of the trunk is concerned ; but it is, seldom seen in cultivation in this country. A. digitata (finger-leaved). fl. white, about 6in. across, with purplish anthers, on long, axillary, solitary pedicels, J, palmate,

with three leaflets in the young plants, and five to seven in adult ones. A. 40ft. Africa.

ADDER’S TONGUE. See Ophioglossum. E.

ADELOBOTRYS (from adelos, obscure, and botrys, a cluster.) ORD. Melastomaceæœ. Stove climbing shrubs with terete branches. Flowers white, crowded, in cymose heads at the tops of the branches. Leaves clothed with rufous hairs on both surfaces when young, but in the adult state glabrous, except the nerves, petiolate, ovate, r acuminated, ciliately serrated, five- mena i culture, see Lasiandra,

A. scandens (climbing). This, ocr species, Fi tm 4

now in cultivation, is a native of the River Sinemari).

Ee (from aden, a Tsai, and aner, a ; the anthers terminate in a globose gland). On, peee Very beautiful little greenhouse shrubs from the — -j Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, usually solitary at the tops of the branches; stamens ten, the five opposite the petals sterile, five fertile ones similar in form, but shorter. Leaves usually alternate, flat, glandularly dotted. They thrive in a mixture of sand and peat, with a little turfy loam. The young tops, before they begin to throw out pen è

buds, made into cuttings, and planted in a pot of sand, wi

glass placed over them, will root without Dotto

A. nctneinsi eet Synonymous with A. amena.

large, whitish above, and reddish beneath, tary, sessile, t nal, June, | oblong = oval,

bluntish, smooth, dotted beneath, i lit. to2ft. 1798. SYNA. .

AN ENCYCLOPADIA

OF HORTICULTURE. ae A. coriacea (leath ved), J large, pink, bars at on | A. comosum (hairy).* jl. yellow; racemes @picate, cate, axillary, and rh debe ia boni. te tact See pate, tended a rine gy Be i a _ A.fragrans (fragrant).* /l, rose colour, on long sega autre en 1841.

‘Pediosis: clammy, aggregate, umbellate. May.

smi ng very much, ovate-obl: pan giana lft. to 2ft. 1812, AR

E (inear-lenved). j£ white, terminal, on long, ùmaliy ee per June. l poe, i linear, obtuse, spreading;

and pedicels smooth (margined).* fl. pale fet.colour, on wyi pe-

A. tema. 0 duncles; umbels terminal. June, Z. scattered, Ale t, cordate, lower ones ovate, upper ones lancoolaba, ka itt.

rite eee flowered)” f. pe , Almost sessile, terminal,

gyn . June. oblong or obovate, dotted i mere ag Acar oa rapa a he 1ft. to 2te 1790. A. u. a om Ln showy).* fl. large, pink, nearly sessile, termi : nid i is paren pin be ig near ee dotted beneath, ER A ari fringed on the edges. A. lft, apea g large, whitish inside, and pinkish outside, nearly sessile, soli fa termi. J Np i

late, hat E a & ooth, d à somew! revi , SM pain acte, somevint 1775. on

glandular, a a lit

A. villosa ‘Ng early sessile, bellate ; nem fret rt ote ene ee a PAA a ad beneath. h. lft. to oot,

ADENANTHERA (from aden, a gland, and lkiie. an anther ; in reference to the anthers, which are each termi- nated by a deciduous, pedicellate gland). ORD. Leguminosæ. A small genus of stove evergreen trees, with racemose spikes of small flowers and bipinnate or decompound leaves. They thrive well in a mixture of peat and loam. Increased -by cuttings, which should be taken off at a joint and

planted in heat in a pot of sand, placing a bell glass _over them.

A. chrysostachys (golden-spiked). ^. golden. h. 15ft. Mau- ritius, 1824,

A. — ike. shaped). jl. yellowish. A. 6ft. India,1812. ™ = Bal Rene ad R paiite end yollo yellow ized. m4 _ ADENANTHOS {trom aden, s gma ani aii a flower; referring to the the flowers). greenhouse evergreen pilose

A. cuneata (vedge-leaved). fl. red. July. h. Sft. New Holland,

k pee (obovate-leaved).* fi. red. July. A. 5ft. New

Holland, 1826,

ADENIUM (from Aden, where it is found). Onxp. Apocynacee. Greenhouse evergreen succulent shrubs. The ~ species mentioned below is remarkable in having a globose

“thick caudex or stem; branches dichotomous; corolla salver-shaped. They require a well-drained compost of, sand and loam. Half-ripened cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand glass. But little water is required ‘the plants are not in a growing state.

(fat). ft, pinky-crimson, downy ; corymbs terminal, ; pedicels short. June. K fn together at the

hes, 3in. long, oblong, narrowed at the base, Le Ersan, short point. A. 3ft. or 4ft, Aden,

'A (from aden, gland, and calymna, o the conspicuous glands on the ORD. gonion: An _ Flowers race-

A. longeracemosum (long-racemed), /. yellow, October. Brazil,

A. nitidum (shin ellow ; racemes , nearly terminal, eg troll velveiy rack beset i ee oro ular, February, — h. 10ft. Brazil, d me ,

ADENOCARPUS (from aden, a gland, and karpos, a fruit; in reference to the legumes being beset with pedicel- late glands). ORD. Leguminose. Shrubs, with numerons racemes of yellow flowers; divaricate branches, trifolinte usually aggregate leaves, having petiolar stipulas, and complicated leaflets. Al the species are elegant when in flower, and well suited for ornamenting the fronts of shrubberies. Except where otherwise mentioned, all are hardy. They thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and may be readily increased by seeds or layers, or by grafting the rarer on the commoner kinds. Young

cuttings will root freely in sand, covered s dig arna which should be taken off and wiped may be sown in March, the hardy species out of s Tage oo the others in a cold house. : 5. Sitios slightly-leaved).* fl. ay ne ger lip onan cal

Si ene Pam rh stains

much crowdec

1629. A half- i hary, tela A. frankenioides ti i oam fi. yellow, crowded ; racemes

terminal ; calyx beset with glandular pubesce with the a

lip having the middle gaye “gh than the ones, and

exceeding the lower lip. A trifoliate, much crowded, hairy; branches velvety. h. ik o Bt. Teneriffe, 1815. Requires protection in winter; an paes pani ish).* ellow, crowded; racemes s "e pasean D gale and iin: lower lip of cal with | red

ual segmen hardly longer than the n ey! lip. June. L. tri- folinte, grouped; branchlets hairy. to 4ft, Spain, 1816. Deciduous.

A. interm pito Patecmetions © A y yellow, not cro terminal ; calyx beset with glandular

wW lip inal: calyx beset with glandular pubescence, with £ rather

E small-leaved).* MOA maak A am bs gages oh v 2 gaes, besoen po on meee Sears fac exon the upper lip, May. i t mien aaa ae ee TBO. Detiduous.”

ADENOPHORA (from aden, a gland, and phoreo, to bear; in reference to the cylindrical nectary which girds the base of the style). ORD. Campanulacee. A genus of elegant hardy border , very similar in habit, shape of flower, &c., to Campanula, from which genus Adenophora differs in having the style surrounded by a cylindrical gland. Flowers stalked, drooping, spicate. Leaves b: stalked, somewhat whorled. They grow best in light riok : garden soil, with a warm sunny position, and should increased by seeds, as dividing the roots is the sure way to lose them. They are easily raised from seeds, which may b n as soon as ripe, or in spring, in pots p a cold frame.

A. coronopifolia Cemkhora Apie je A blue, ten, racemose, at the top of the stem, c Sve: upper i apon orate lanceolate,

y ii 7 glabrous. h. lft. to 2ft. Dahuria, 1822. oi

A, denti ionlata (toothed-leaved).* RE short pedicels, sogan ina moea or July. l. serra’ oothish; radi gg ones Ryn. A

24, THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Adenophora— continued. ovate-lanceolate, coarsely serrated. h. lift. Siberia, 1784. SYN. A. liliiflora.

A, Gmelini (Gmelin’s). f. blue, secund, three to ten, on the top of each stem, rising from the axils of the upper leaves, disposed in along raceme. July. J. uppen ones erect, linear, very narrow, goum, glabrous. h. lft. to 2ft. Dahuria, in dry stony places, 1

A, intermedia (intermediate). jl. pale blue, small, racemose. May. l. radical ones petiolate, cordate, toothed; upper ones lanceolate, taperin, Beg a point at the base, serrated, crowded. h. 3ft. Siberia, 1 :

A. Lamarckii (Lamarck’s).* fl. blue; corolla funnel-shaped, dis- posed in an elongated, many-flowered, raceme, which is com- tea at the base. June, l. ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated, ciliated, glabrous, except on the margins. h. lft, to 2ft. Eastern Europe, 1824.

A, latifolia (broad-leaved). Synonymous with A. pereskicefolia.

A, liliiflora (lily-flowered).* j. numerous, sweet-scented, in a loose pyramidal panicle, Central and Eastern Europe.

A. pereskizefolia (pereskia-leaved).* fl. blue, rather numerous, Seattered over the upper part of the stems, rarely subverticillate ; peduncles one totwo, or three-flowered. July. J. three to five in a whorl, ovate-oblong, acuminated, coarsely serrated, roughly ciliated. h. 15ft. D uria, 1821. SYN, A. latifolia.

A. plocæfolia (periploca-leaved). fl. pale blue, at the top

the stem, sometimes only one. June. l petiolate, ovate,

acute, somewhat cordate, crenately serrated, Stem ascending, h. 3in. Siberia, 1824. Rockery species,

A, stylosa (long-styled).* fl. pale blue, small, few, disposed in a loose, naked, raceme. May. l. petiolate ; lower ones obovate, sinuate ; upper ones ovate, acuminated, glabrous, Stem ascending. Ps 1ft. to lift. Eastern Europe, 1820.

A. tricuspidata (three-cusped). Synonymous with A. denti-

culata. A, verticillata (whorl-leaved).* fl. pale blue, small, i senceelenty re the tops of the stems; lower whorls many flowere i t ; peduncles one to three-flowered. June. l in w horls, serrately toothed ; aration ones petiolate, roundish ; upper ones ovate-lanceolate ; stems simple. k. 2ft. to 3ft. Dahuria, 1783. ADENOSTOMA (from aden, a gland, and stoma, a mouth). ORD. Rosaceæ. Hardy having small race- mose, five-petalled flowers. They grow freely in rich loam and - peat in equal proportions. Propagated in spring or ~ autumn, by cuttings made of the young shoots, placed in

sand, under glass. fasciculata (fascicled).* fl. white, w produced in terminal panicles. k. 2ft. California, 1848. ° A hardy, heath-like ever- green bushy plant, allied to Alchemilla.

ADESMIA (from a, without, desmos, a bond ; in refer- ence to the stamens being free). ORD. Leguminose. Chiefly greenhouse evergreen shrubs, or trailers, from South America, with lanceolate stipulas, abruptly pinnate ‘eae. ending in a bristle; axillary one-flowered pedicels, or flowers racemosely disposed at the tops of the branches, in consequence of the upper leaves being abortive. They will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Pro- _pagated by cuttings placed in sand, covered by a hand glass,

in a gentle heat; or by seeds, which are generally more : The annual species—A. muricata, A. pap-

posa, and A. pendula—are not worth growing. The fol- lowing | are fairly ire of the most ornamental

A. glutinosa (sticky).* fl. yellow ; racemes elongated, terminal, and are (as well as the linear bracteas) clothed

> hairs. May. l, with about three pairs of elliptic, 3_ branches beset with glandular, glu- y; Jegumnes three-jointed, very long.

A. Londonit (Loudon), Á yellow. May, h, 2ft. Fhiparaiso, y pea oaile * ellow ; mn some ueepinte, te imple, s a is an ‘it paird

June, l. with six pairs of small orbicular Isaan on short al spinose. Stem shrubby, "h. 1ft. to 2ft, 1830, escent ; branches

po 1882. A, viscosa (clammy). ñ. yellow. August. h. 12ft. Chili, 1831.

ADHATODA (its native name). Allied to Justicia. Very ornamental stove

peiin siesiy © of host, when the flowara wi

A. Uspallatensis (Uspallatan). f yellow. July. a China, sE

ORD. awn :

Adhatoda—continued.

in great profusion. Increased by young cuttings in spring,

placed in sandy soil, in bottom heat. See Justicia.

A. cydonizfolia (quince-leaved).* fl. produced in rather dense clusters at the point of every branch; tube of corolla white, the upper lip white tipped with purple ; the lower lip large, rich deep purple, with a white stripe down the centre. October. l o po- site, ovate, dark green, and are, as well as the branches, slightly downy. Brazil, 1855. This species is an excellent subject for training up pillars or rafters ; and, when in bloom, makes a pretty basket “plant. It has a somewhat straggling habit, but a little care only is needed in pruning and training to grow it into an elegant shape.

A. vasica (Vasica). h. 10ft. India, 1699,

ADHERENT. Strictly signifies sticking to anything, but is more commonly employed in the sense of adnate.

ADHESION. The union of parts usually distinct, ADIANTOPSIS. See Cheilanthes.

ADIANTUM (from adiantos, dry, as if plunged in water it yet remains dry). Maidenhair. ORD. Filices. A large genus of handsome tropical and temperate ferns. Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually numerous and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous. Involucre the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of the fronds, bearing the capsules on its upper side. None of the Adiantums are truly hardy except the American A. pedatum; even our own native species requires protection. The chief requirements of this handsome genus of ferns are good drainage, and a compost of fibrous peat, loam and sand. In most cases, plenty of pot room is essential, and a larger quantity of loam will be needed for strong-growing sorts. For general culture, see Ferns.

ñ. purple. July.

A, mulum (rival).* | sti. slender, about 6in. 1 long. fronds slender, : yramida: innate ; innz distinct, quely ipe Piasta, unequally ed; depres Thomboid one he re

the base, t vac ogee one distinctly cuneate, sori, 2in. to in., circular, or nearly so. Bra seen porn By =- ea : æthiopicum (Æthiopian).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long. ethers ender, wey Fronds 12in. to 18in. long, bin. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tri- or uadripinnate ; lower pinnee šin. to 4in. long, 2in. to din. ’ broad, deltoid ; ultimate segments jin. to din. across, jin. deep, sub- orbicular, the upper part broadly lobed; rachis and surfaces naked, sori in several roundish patches. ‘A. Chilense (Chilian), A scabrum (scurfy), A. sulphureum (sulphured) are mere forms of this species. Spain, and almost cosmopolitan. A very pretty greenhouse fern. SYNS. A. assimile, A. emarginatum.

A. affine (related).* sti. 6in. to Sin. long, erect. fronds with a — terminal central pinna 4in. to 6in. long, lin. to 1Jin. broad, and several smaller erecto-patent lateral ones, the lowest of which are again branched; pinnules, 4in. to Jin. long, lin. deep, dimidiate, the lower edge straight, the upper nearly parallel wit ‘it, crenate, like the oblique or ‘bluntly rounded outer edge. sori numerous, roundish. New Zealand. Greenhousespecies. SYN. A. Cunning- hami.

A. amabile (lovely). Synonymous with A. gla a garden name for A. Moorei.

A, amocenum (pleasing). Synonymous with 4. a A.andicolum, A synonym of A. glaucophyllum. A. aneitense (Aneiteum).* sti, and rachises

labrous beneath, fe ino-pilose orig tte : kout i Tour pinnate, 1)ft. to 2ft. long, mi y epee n, long, rhomboidal, ascending, nearl S poole, inner side close to

D lobed. sori round, Barsha

£ low rac is, lower erecto. patent, shal segment. Aneiteum isles, 1880.

in centre of lobes, four to six to a se,

Stove or greenhouse species. z (assimilated). An Australian form of the widely-

A. assimile

distributed A. ethiopicum. pee hee?

usei (Bause’s).* fronds 14ft. to 24ft. long, spread - + tri pA OH sai stalked, the lower ones 0 liquely triangular ; pinnules broad, laterally ‘deflexed, the ot obliquely ovate with a truncate base, the intermediate somew , the terminal cuneate—all shallowly lobed and pedi-

T set across the apices of the lobes.

or greenhouse hybrid, between A.

(handsome). tated, 3in. to 6in. ag pie n ainas Frond of three to six p nules, in l1sin. long, stalked ; na oblong, the somewhat margin erose, y roundish,

F ules, naian — CI

AN ENCYCLOPADIA

OF HORTICULTURE. aa

Adiantum—continued.

Capillus-Veneris (Venus’s hair). Common Maidenhair. sti. A A rather = sat ay 4in. to ai, long. fronds very variable

frame species.

A. C.-V. cornubiense (Cornish).* (fronds very numerous, and dwarf, more or less oblong in general outline, with large, broad pinnules of a deep n, with finely-waved margins, and an almost pellucid, but firm texture. One of the best forms, but somewhat delicate in constitution.

A, C.-V. crispulum (crisped).* fronds, with the stipes, from 6in. to 12in. long, more attenua than those of the type, and narrower at the base ; pinnules less numerous, but broad and thin, crisp, of a light green colour, more or less cut at the broadest part. A handsome variety, of vigorous growth.

— =

Fic. 26. ADIANTUM CAPI

LLUS-VENERIS DAPHNITES,

A. C.-V. fissum (divided), Very dwarf in habit, with pinnules rather broader than those of the t Waser hee deeply and variously cut, so as to give the plant a appearance from most of the forms,

A. C.-V. Footi (Foot’s), Closely allied to the variety fissum, having fronds a foot or more long, with very ample BF anes me deeply incised, light green, Vigorous.

A. C.-V. incisum (deeply cut), Very closely allied to A. C.-V. fissum, but rather more vigorous in growth; pinnules broad, and deeply slit into segments near the base.

A. C.-V. magnificum (magnificent).* fronds from Yin. to 16in. long,

more or less elongated in outline, 3in. to 4in. across ; pinnules

ample, rich n, with the margins finely cut and imbricated. ~ The arching Scsanter gives this form a most distinct appearance.

_ A very fine variety.

A, C.-V. rotundum (rounded). Pinnules usually round, without

_ the cuneiform base of the normal form; neither are the fronds so Isle of Man. Variable in its habit. i

A. C.-V. undulatum (wavy).* fronds dense, compact, having

í green pinnules, which are undulated at the

_ edges. An elegant dwarf-growing form.

A. à (heart-form indusium). A synonym of A. poly-

A, caudatum (tailed).* in. Ic i Page TA peg pra sti. Zin. to 4in. long, tufted, wiry. fronds

Saat a frh the point sanai ‘blunt, the lo onan aliphiiy stalked. sori rounc rg tang a > ihe. edge the “lobes; rachis and both ‘sides of the frond silose. A. ciin

A. cristatum (crested). tomentose. fronds 14ft. to 3ft. jong, 9in. to 12in. broad 0)

A. ciliatum ©

Adiantum—continued.

(of ) is probably a mere form, if not a synonym, of this

Species. Throughout the Tropics everywhere. Greenhouse or stove species; very fine for hanging baskets.

A. col; (deep hollow).* sti. 4in. to 6in. I slender, fibrillose. fronds Qin, to 18in. long, 4in. to Bie. ae. 3 tripinnate, light n; lower pinnæ spreading at t anpes from the rachis, 2in. to 4in. long, lżin. broad, slight below ; ultimate segments about jin. long, jin, sive’ the lower line often straight, the upper rounded, and toothed, all nearly or quite sessile. sori placed in distinct teeth of the outer edge. Ecuador and Peru, 1875. Greenhouse s

b

u edge irregularly rounded, deeply lobed, the lobes crenate, iis ieee ent of each pinna i j numerous, ob-reniform. species for baskets and the rockery.

(Fleming’s). This variety, of garden origin, is

; ts about the

pae ian reannen e greng n R a Cera t

edge, "This ie classly allied te A. MAOIN. jase’

species. SYN, A. Filiam,

Fia. 27. ADIANTUM DECORUM.

stis Gin. to 12in. long, a ae

terminal central pinna 6in. to Sin. long, lin. to ljin. broad, and numerous rather distant lateral ones on each side, the lowest of which are sometimes again branched ; segments jin. to Zin. long, jin. to gin. broad, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight, the

u oo i parallel or rounded, the point blunt. “sori in several oblong or linear patches. West Indies and Venezuela, 1844. Stov cies. SYN. A. Kunzeanum. : ses

long, and about Zin. to lin. broad, un slightly recurved, the napper — and a so

. A deep green colour, wit herbaceous textare. sori in hollows of the lobes. Cuba and Jamaica, A very distinct stove species, wee

A.

26

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Adiantum—continued. Cc. ‘dissected).* A pretty variety, with the pinnules

more deeply lobed than in the type.

A. c. Lawsonianum (Lawson’s). This is a very abnormal form, curiously and finely cut, with the ultimate segments narrowly cuneate at the base, stalked, and distant. Of garden origin. Greenhouse variety.

A. c. mundulum a sti. 3in. to 4in. high. fronds dwarf, tufted, erect, hardly 3in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnæ and pinnules crowded ; pinnules narrowly cuneate, rarely three-parted, with narrow wedge-shaped lobes ; apex slightly crenate, and bears a roundish sorus set in a notch of the lobe or crenature. Of garden origin, 1879. Greenhouse variety.

A. Cunninghami (Cunningham’s), Synonymous with A. afine.

A. curvatum (curved),* sti. 6in. to 12in. long. fronds _dichoto- mous, with main divisions again once or twice forked ; pinne 8in. to 12in. long, 2in. to in. broad ; pinnules lłin. to 14in. long, about 4in. deep, not truly dimidiate, but only the lower two-thirds of the under half cut away, the upper margin rounded and broadly lobed, with the lobes finely toothed and point often lengthened out. sori linear, or transversely oblong. Tropical America, 1841. Stove species.

A, decorum (decorous).* sti. 4in. to 6in. long. fronds sub-deltoid, Yin, to 15in. long, three to four pinnate ; lower pinne and pinnules stalked, deltoid ; side segments rhomboid, }in. to gin. long; outer edge distinctly lobed ; lower segments equilateral, imbricated over main rac! sori round, in final lobes, four to six to a seg- ment. This greenhouse species ranks midway between A. con- cinnum and A.cuneatum. Peru. SYN. A. Wagneri. See Fig. 27.

A, deltoideum (deltoid). sti. densely tufted, Zin. to 4in. long, wiry, erect. fronds ĝin. to 6in. long, Zin. broad, with a terminal lobe and numerous sub-opposite pinnæ, the lower ones distant, distinctly stalked, sin. long, }in. to gin. broad, hastate-deltoid,

te or cuneate at the base. sori in interrupted lines along

the sides of the pinne. West Indian Islands. Stove species.

t

A. diaphanum (transparent).* sti. gin. to 8in. long, S fronds 6in. to Tin. long, aiy P aa poani or pogi Te branches at the base ; pinnules long, łin. broad, the lower nearly parallel with it, crenate numerous.

Greenhouse species. Syn. A.

the 3 | A, Hewardia (Heward’s sori

Adiantum—continued.

cultivated under the name of A. speciosum. Stove or greenhouse species,

A, dolabriforme (axe-shaped). Synonymous with A. lunulatum.

A. dolosum (deceiving). Synonymous with A. Wilsoni.

A, Edgworthii (Edgeworth’s).* This differs from caudatum by having more membranous texture, glabrous surfaces, and sub- entire pinne. Himalaya and China.

A, emarginatum (notched at the end). ethiopicum.

A. excisum (bluntly cut).* sti. 2in. to 3in. long, wiry, densely - tufted. fronds 6in. to 18in. long, din. to 6in. broad, with numerous ~ flexuose short pinnze on each side, the lowest of which are — slightly branched: again; segments two to three lines broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded and bluntly lobed. sori two to four, large, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows on the lobes. Chili.

A. e. Leyi (Ley’s).* This is a very dwarf, copiously crested form, of garden origin, most suitable for case culture. Greenhouse variety.

A, e. multifidum (much-cut).* A handsome garden variety; the apex of every frond is frequently divided into several branches, which oftentimes are again divided and crested, thus forming a beautiful tassel Zin. to Sin. long. Greenhouse species,

A. Feei (Fee’s).* sti. 12in. to 18in. long, strong, scandent. fronds © lft. to 2ft. long, lft. or more broad, tripinnate, the m: andy secondary rachises zigzag, all the branches firm and spreading at a right angle ; lower pinne 6in. to Yin. long, din. to 4in. broad ; pinnules lin. to 2in. long, sin. broad, consisting of a terminal segment and several distant suborbicular-cuneate lateral ones. sori marginal, roundish, more than half line deep, Tropical America. Stove species. SYN. A. flexuosum.

A. flabellulatum (small fan-leaved).* sti. erect, ret a d fronds dichotomously branched, and the divisions once or twice branched again ; central pinnæ 4in. to 8in. long, gin. broad ; pinnules about es broad and deep, dimidiate, the lower edge cond straight,

he tps rounded, the outer blunt, both entire or slightly toothed.

sori several transversely oblong notches. ‘Tropical Asia.

Stove species. SYN. A. amenwm.

Synonymous with A:

sti. 12in. to 18in. long, strong, erect. to 18in. broad, bi-, tri-, or quadri- , 6in. to Sin. broad, deltoid ;

wu { distinctly stalked. sort erous, between obrenif versely oblong. Australia, 1820. Greenhouse species. | A, fovearum. Synonymous with A. intermedium. A. fulvum (tawny).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect. fronds 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad, deltoid in general outline, with a terminal pinna 4in, to 6in. long, about lin. broad, and several erecto-patent branches, the lower of which are branched again; pinnules about jin. long, jin. deep, dimidiate, the lower nearly straight, the upper almost parallel, sharply toothed like the oblique outer edge. sori large, numerous. New Zealand. Greenhouse species.

A. Ghiesbreghti (Ghiesbreght’s).* fronds 18in. to 30in. long, ovate, deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnules large, slightly crenate on the ma s. A very fine stove fern, with the habit of A. tenerum Farleyense, but less dense. It is undoubtedly a variety of tenerum, having originated in Mr. Williams’s nursery some years since, SYN, A. scutum.

A. glaucophyllum (grey-leaved).* sti. 6in. to Iin. fronds 12in. to 24in. long, Yin. to 15in. broad, e pinnate; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. bros erecto-patent ; meest gn broad, cuneate at the base, edge irregularly rounded, more or less lobed. sort fi obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows in the apex of the» lobes of the upper edge, deep above, glaucous bengali Closely allied to A. cuneatum. Mexico. Greenhouse. SYNS. A. amabile, A. andicolum, A. mexicanum, are

um (most graceful).* fronds deltoidly ovate, Yin. to

“ro to 10in. across, omnes

emarginate, or two to three lobed, the sterile lobes blunt. sort solitary on the entire pinnules, two to three on the larger lobed ones. One of the most graceful and beautiful of greenhouse ferns; the very numerous minute segments and the ramifications of the rachis impart to a well ba pes av

appearance. Of garden origin. A form of A.

(Henslow’s).* fronds 12in. to 18in. Lowy 6in. to 9in. broad, ova‘ te, fur- nished with numero stant e upper of

us distant pi hich are simple, but the low

w sligh ; segmen! żin. to Zin. broad, lin. to gin. , dimidiate, the lower line nearly the upper rather rounded and lobed Ane point bluntly 1 sori obversely reniform, placed in hollows of the lobes, Columbia, Peru, &c., most distinct t stove species. SYNS. A. letum, A. Reichenbachii, A. sessilifolium. sti. 6in. to 9in. long,

erect. sim innate or bipinnate, with a terminal pinna and two ply p p

lateral ones on each side, the lowest pair of which so with |

»

AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA

OF HORTICULTURE. 27

Adiantum—continued.

A hispidulum oT 4 erect. fronds dichotomous, ~ nules ong, two

ns. A. intermedium (intermed

contiguous. Tropics of Old pubesce:

broad, and one to three smal

A. Kunzeanum (Kunze’s).

nearly equal

a

A. lunulatum Appt ti HAVIN a

two to four ules each ; pinnules 3in. to 4in. long, about lin. equal sided, ovate lanceolate, nearly entire. sori al both edges. Jamaica,

A ish).* sti, 6in, to 15in, long, don i y

with the main divisions flabellate

; central cag 6in, to 9in. long, żin. to lin. broad; pin- to jin.

to four lines broad, dimidiate, sub-

ads tS rhomboidal, the outer edge bluntly rounded, upper and outer : _ ‘Margin finely toothed, slightly stalked. sori roundish, numerous,

World, 1822, Greenhouse, SYN. A.

iate). sti. 6in. to 12in. long, erect,

strong. fronds with a terminal pinna 6in. he pe long, 2in. to 3in. la

l] spreading ones on each side ;

pinnules lin. to ljin. long; din. to sin. broad, unequal sided, but not dimidiate, the point bluntish or acute, the inner edge nf parallel with the stem, the upper nearly straight, scarcely toothed. sori in interrupted marginal patches, one to two lines across, placed round the upper and lower edges. Stove. Tropical America, from the Antilles southwards to Peru and Rio Janeiro, 1824. SYNS. A, fovearum, A. triangulatum,

Synonymous with A. cristatum.

A. leetum (joyful). Synonymous with A. Henslovianum.

A. Lathomi om’s).* A garden variety, said to be a sport from -~ A. Ghiesbreghti, which it closely resembles, being between it and oie It is a magnificent plant, producing fronds from

18in. to long, with imbricated deeply-cut pinnules. Stove

A. Legrandi (Legrand’s). Very closely allied to, if not identical with, A. Pecottei. OUa hrat of pasted vikaa.

A. lucidum (shiny).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect. fronds 9in.

togon. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, simply pinnate, with a ari

>% érminal pinna and six to ten lateral ones on each side, or the

lowest very em ory! branched, Sin. to 4in. long, din, to lin. broad,

sided, lanceolate acuminate, slight) I

the point. sori in a continuous row along each side. West Indian Islands and Tropical America. Stove species.

y serrated tow

‘Fis. 29. ADIANTUM LUDDEMANNIANUM.

ddemann’s).* A very striking variety of the common. A. Capillus- Veneris, of garden origin, ih smooth, dark, almost Plack stipes, ching about a third an the p decr Prin = pinnules are crested, usually ch aes. It is a very bn Py

bran ustered, ofa di sub-glaucous

Adiantum—continued,

and, like the sides, usually more or Jess lobed. sori in con- tinuous lines along the edge. on &e., widely distributed in both hemispheres. Stove species. SYN. A dolabriforme.

A. macrocladum (long-branched), Synonymous with A. poly- Phyllum,

A. macrophyllum (long-leaved).* sti, 6in. to 12in. long, § ? troch “early nink fresia, tn. to TA long, din. to Bin simply pinnate ; the lower pinnæ of the barren frond din. to 4in. long, 2in. broad, ovate, so broad at the base that the ones frequently overlap, the margin rather deeply lobed ;

- ones narrower. sori in long continuous, or slightly interrupted, marginal lines, Tropical America, 1793. One of the finest stove spouse in cultivation.

A. macropterum (long-winged). Synonymous with A. Wilsoni.

A. mexicanum (Mexican). Synonymous with A. glaucophyllum.

A. microphyllum (short-leaved). A synonymn of A. venustum,

A. monochlamys (one-covered).* sti. 6in. to 9in. ing, wi, erect, dark, chestnut brown ; bin. to 12in. 1 6in. broad, ovate-deltoid, tripinnate, the pinnæ rather ‘aistantly

ents en broad, cuneate at the base, the ad

monosorum (uni-soriate). A pretty species, from Solomon M aparu is canines ) ; : A. Moorei (Moore’s).* sti. Gin. to Bin. long. fronds deltoid, bin. to l5in. , two to og hang about » two pinna' segments nog

A, A. Moritzianum (Moritz’s). This to bea more robust grower trod from Win. to laine high with stipes and larger pinnules than the typical A. us- Veneris. South America. Greenhouse species. 3 A. neoguineense (New Guinea).* sti. Gin. to Bin. long, chestnut brown, erect. spreading, deltoid, tri po ame gi dark olive green th a glaucous tinge on 4 ovate; terminal pinnules cuneate, lateral ones trapezoid, gin. long, crenately lo the lobes rather entire. sori small, 6in. to 8in., orbicular, entirely sunk in sinuses of the marginal lobes. New Guinea, 1877. A very species, í A. obliquum (oblique). sti. 3in. to 6in. lo pube- Bsr gg er Fe to 12in. ] , Zin, o a cas es aed ; lobe and three to twelve pairs of alternate eo

e e truncate at the base, those of the barren us ted

ay 6in. to Sin. long, liin. lh wer he ou!

deep, dimidiate, the two sides nearly parall t ter and bluntly | sori al ro e upper and outer edge, obversely reniform. Brazil, &e., 1824. Stove A This is a charming little variety, of

Pecottei (Pecot’s).*

J with ery poy —. ae segments, _

comparatively large, ofa n colour, and likely to prove one of the most useful maidenhsir ferns grown. J A

A. pedatum (pedate).* sti. Qin. to 24in. long, erect, polished, fronds dichotomous, with the main divisions fali ely branched;

central pinnæ Gin. to 12in. long, lin. to l4in. broad; gpm in. to Zin. long, iin. deep, dimidiate, broadest on side nearest the stem, the upper and outer i shortly stalked. sori roundish, one to two lines broad. peed stan, the United States, &c. Hardy species. See Fig. 30.

A. peruvianum (Peruvian).* sti. 9in. to 18in. long, stron Jronds simply pinnate, or with one to three branches some of tter som again slightly divide Zin. or more broad, tin. unequally ovate, cun finely toothed and lobed round the pipe

28

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Adiantum—continued.

the upper edge. Columbia. A magnificent stove species, SYNS. A, cardiochlena and A. macrocladum.

A. populifolium (poplar-leaved). A synonym of A. Seemanni.

A. princeps (princely).* sti. 9in. to 12in. long, stout, nearly erect. fronds large, 12in. to 24in. long, 9in. to 18in. across the base, deltoid, pendent, pagal gg pale greyish; lower pinnz ob- liquely elongate, triangular, the posterior side tripinnate, the anterior bipinnate; upper ones pinnate, with a large cuneately flabellate terminal pinnule, apex of fronds pinnate ; pinnules lin. long, Zin. broad, roundish rhomboidal or shortly trapeziform, shortly stalked ; basal margin entire, slightly concave, the anterior margins and apex lobate, the lobes serrulate in the sterile parts, and, where fertile, bearing each a concave sorus, so that the lobes appear two-horned. New Grenada, 1875. A magnificent stove species. ;

A. prionophyllum (saw-leaved). phylum.

A. pubescens (downy). Synonymous with A. hispidulum.

A. pulvi entum (covered with powder).* sti. 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect; fronds with a terminal prs and several spreading lateral ones on each side, which are 4in. to 8in. long, lin, broad ;

diate,

Synonymous with A. tetra-

pinnules 4in. long, one and a half to two lines deep, dimi the lower line nearly straight, the upper one nearly parallel, both it and the outer edge finely toothed. sori in a continuous line along the lower and upper edges. West Indies, &c. Stove species.

x Fic. 30. ADIANTUM PEDATUM.

A. Reichenbachit (Reichenbach’s), Synonymous with A. Hens- orme (kidney-shaped).* sti. tufted, 4in. to 9in. long. fronds simple, orb‘ r, reniform, of a deep N eg colour, uni asin. a broad, Banc] sori all around the Greenhouse species, Z S 1a. A. r. asarifolium (asarum-leaved), variety of above species. A. rhomboideum (rhomboid) tical with A. villosum.

A rather larger growing S. America, 1820. Probably

, rubellum (reddish).* sti. 4in. to 6in. long, Jronds 4in, to Gin. |

Jong, deltoid, bipinnate ; uppermost side of flabellate, nearly sessile, Tee lower border in a line wi

e pinnules cuneate, tire ; lower rhomboid żin. long, with y rather decurved, inner pro- finely ed; end and

in the tips | When ina

Adiantum—continued.

A, scutum (shield). Synonymous with A. Ghiesbreghti.

A. Seemanni(Seemann’s).* sti. bin. to 12in. long, erect. fronds Yin. to 20in. long, simply pinnate or the lower pinnz compound ; pinnæ šin. to 4in. ong, lżin. to 2in. broad, ovate, acuminate; but rather unequally sided, the barren ones finely serrated, one side usually cordate at the base, the other obliquely truncate, petioles of the lowest, nearly an inch long. sori in long continuous marginal _ lines. This is a very fine and distinct stove species. Central America, 1868. Syns. A. populifolium, A. Zahnii (of gardens).

A. sessilifolium (sessile-leaved). Synonymous with A. Henslo- vianum. REE

A. setulosum (bristly). Synonymous with A. diaphanum, A. speciosum (showy). Synonymous with A. digitatum.

A. subvolubile (somewhat twining). fronds subscandent, 2ft. to 4ft. long, oblong, tripinnate, 6in. to 8in. broad, with naked glossy castaneous stipes and zigzag rachises ; central pinne lanceolate, with a few short spreading pinnules; side pinnules rhomboidal, about din. long, lower edge in a line with petiole, or deflexed, inner end touching or wrapped over rachis, outer shallowly lobed ; lowest pinnules equilateral, much wrapped over rachis. sori minute, round, six to twelve toa segment. E. Peru. Stove species. —

A. tenerum (tender).* sti. lft. or more high, erect. fronds lft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; PE ments żin. to Zin. broad, cuneate or tending towards rhomboidal, dimidiate in shape, the upper edge rounder or somewhat angulars broadly and deeply lobed, all stalked. sort placed in numerous

roundish patches in the lobes of the upper half. —

Mexico, &c., widely distributed. Stove species. x

A. t. Farleyense (Farley’s).* A subfertile, subcristate variety of the foregoing ; but, is, nevertheless, one of the most magnificent of Adiantums. It is nearly always known under the name of A. Farleyense. Barbados, 1865. Stove varicty.

A. tetraphyllum (four-leaved),* sti, 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect. fronds nearly as broad as long, witha terminal pinna 6in. to Yin. long, lin. to lin. broad, and numerous spreading late ones; segments żin. to Zin. broad, łin. deep, subdimidiate, the lower line st t or somewhat decurved, the upper nearly pal el, finely toothed, the outer ga sort inter-

ve species. SYN. A. prionophyllum. :

A. t. Hendersoni (Iienderson’s). A stovi small blunt pinnules. B :

A.tinctum (tinted).* sti. 6in. to 9in. l 12in. long, deltoid, bipinnate; e three to four lines long, lower edge straight, inner parallel with rachis, or just wrapped over it, outer shallowly, bluntly lobed; lower ae equilateral, imbricated over main rachis; surfaces glabrous, when young of a delicate rose red colour, changing to a bright green. sori round, placed in final lobes. Tro- pical America. Stove or greenhouse species,

A. trapeziforme (rhomb-leaved).* sti. 6in. to 12in. long, firm, erect. fronds 12in. to 24in. long, with a central pinna 4in. to 8in. long, 2in. to 3in, broad, and — two to four large spreading ones on each side, the lowest of which are often branched again; Fone bgp > lin. to 2in. long, sin. to jin. broad, dimidi the sides nearly parallel, the outer edge oblique, | it and the upper one bluntly lobed, the lowest on stalks jin, to in. long. sori numerous, co! ous, placed round the upper and outer edge. West 1793. Stove species.

A. t. cultratum (sharpene:).* Outer edge of the seg- ment bluntly rounded. - :

t. pentadactylon (five-fingered), Lower margin of the segments somewhat decurved obliquely from _ the petiole.

variety with

A. t. Sanct# Catherine (of gardens).* This is a deeply cut, — rather copiously divided variety of A. trapeziforme.

A. t. S. C. Funcki(Funck’s).* A deeply lobed, drooping variety, of © garden origin. A. triangulatum (triangle-leaved). Synonymous with A. inter-

medium. ete A. varium (various). Probably identical with A. villosum. > A. Veitchianum (Veitch’s).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long. fronds Yin. to 18in. long, deltoid, bipinnate in lower half, reddish when young + side pinnules rhomboid, about jin. long, lower border ty more or less deflexed from tip of pedicel, inner distant from - upper and outer shallowly lobed ; end i, eae hin. to Zin. broad, equilateral, rounded in upper, deltoid in lower half. sori eight to tentos Bas eN round, minute. Peruvian Andes, 1868. elegant 7

d distinct stove species, 3 = A. velutinum (velvety).* sti. as long as fronds, slightly velvety. fronds deltoid, 14ft. to 2ft. long, ‘hice to four pinnate ; rachises pubesce t on both sides in to9in. yJuga' sub- + b- A ad, lower border decurved, outer blunt or sub-acute, fied t, shallowly, bluntly lobed. soristraight, one to one and a

ae

AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE. 29

tee

Adiantum—continued.

half li at of lobes of upper edge, four to six to a seg- ment. ron oN A magnificent stove species. A. venustum (charming).* sti. 6in. to Qin. long, wiry, erect, bin. to izin. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, ; ultimate ents about jin. across, cuneate at the bass. upper edge rounded, and usually finely toothed, of a light green colour, with a firm texture. sori one to three, ee roundish ; in hollows of the upper edge. Himalayas, up to 8000ft. aii Greenhouse or frame, nearly hardy in sheltered places. SYN. A, microphyllum. A. villosum (hairy stalked).* sti, Sin. to 12in. long, strong, erect. fronds with a terminal central and several spreading pinne on each side, 6in. to 12in. long, ljin. to 2in. broad; pinnules di- midiate, about lin. long, żin. broad, the lower line nearly straight, th a edge nearly parallel with it, but considerably larger, slightly toothed, and the outer edge auriculed at the base. sori in a continuous line round the upper and outer edge. West Indies, &c., 1775, Stove species.

A. Wagneri (Wagner's). Synonymous with A. decorum.

A. Wilesianum (Wiles'’s). Synonymous with A. crenatum. (Williams’s).* sti. 6in. to 8in. long. 9in. to innate, triangular ; pinnæ Sata, ulan, piinia

sub-rotund, slightly trapeziform, the i ve, the

18in. long, basal line rather conca ‘4 en or slightly undulated, or divided into three to four

j erose -A aa ret ha elongate reniform diaphanous sori

or lunate, the whole of theta SaNi a x í -

ful of the ferns. Greenhouse species.

A. Wilsoni (Wilson’s).* Enae cenit E dha a

to 12in. long, to 12in. broad, si h a large

terminal Gar agr ig ee A lateral case cu ah

are 4in. to 6in. long, lin. to Zin. broad, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire. sori in continuous lines along both edges. Jamaica. Stove species. SYNS. A. dolosum, A.

macropterum,

A. Zahnii (Zaln’s). Synonymous with A. Seemanni.

ADINA (from adinos, crowded; in reference to the flowers being disposed in heads). ORD. Rubiacew. A very pretty evergreen cool stove shrub, with opposite terete branches, and solitary, axillary peduncles. It thrives in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. Propagated by cuttings, which root readily if placed in a rich loamy soil under a

~ hand glass, in heat.

-flowered).* fl. yellowish, sessile, crowded, heads ; corolla funnel-shaped; peduncles

axillary, rarely terminal, solitary. July. l lanceo longer than the peduncles. A. 3t. to 4ft. China, 1804,

a shady spot. It is a biennial, but in favourable spots is _ gelf-sowing, and thus may be treated as a perennial. If placed either against a wall or in the open it is a pretty

its fragile character, it can only be seen to the best advan- tage under glass. A. cirrhosa (tendrilled).* jf. pale rose-colonred, about din. ; peduncles axillary, generally four-flowered. June. L innate, pale green. h. 15ft. 1788. The Maidenhair fern-like leaves are borne in profusion on the slender twining stems. SYN. Corydalis fungosa. ADNATE. Grown to anything by the whole surface ; anthers are said to be adnate when they are attached to filaments by their whole length.

_ ADONIS (name of classical derivation). ORD. Ranun-

&c. All the species will grow

lft. Annual.

subject for trailing over a shrub or twiggy branch. From |

ua. Bee |

Adonis—continued,

A. pyrenaica (Pyrencan).* fl. almost sessile, ellow i petals eight i we rr an 5 mors o i trifid £ m] ower ones on long many

gments, upper ones sessile, multi with linear very entire lobules. Stem beyond a foot high and usually much branched. Perennial. Pyrenees, 1817. .

A. vernalis (spring).* f. yellow, large; petals, ten to twel Com rather pot nt Aste L. lower ones abortive, pepe mn

A. v. sibirica (Siberian) differs only in having larger flowers. A. agen (Volga). An tonne ae species between and A. diff.

ADPRESSED. Brought into close contact with any- thing without adhering. Pe oo oa

30

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

ADVENTURE BAY PINE. rhomboidalis.

ADVERSE. Opposite.

ZICHMEA (from aichme, a point; in reference to the rigid points on the calyces or flower-envelopes). ORD. Bromeliacee. Very handsome stove plants. Flowers scapose, panicled; perianth six-cleft, three outer ones sepaloid, longer than the three inner or petaloid segments. Leaves ligulate, or sword-shaped, sometimes with marginal spines. They thrive best in a well drained compost of rich fibrous loam and leaf mould. The ordinary temperature of a stove suits these plants well, but they like plenty of light, which may be afforded by standing them on inverted pots, so as to raise their heads well up above the surrounding plants. Pro- pagation: When the flower spikes, which are sent up from the heart or crown of the plant, die away, suckers or offsets are produced near the base, and from these other flowers appear the year after. If large plants are desired, these

See Phyllocladus

suckers should be left to grow and spread around; but to

SSS, wat BAG,

J wees

0 ae RE SS Fic. 33. ÆCHMEA FULGENS. get a moist heat till rooted. To enable them to do this it is necessary to strip off a few of the lower leaves, and trim the bottom with a sharp knife, in order that it may heal over and callus more readily than it otherwise would. When rooted, the plants may be shifted into larger-sized pots; but for single crowns 32-sized pots are large enough, as the plants, being epiphytal in their nature, do not require much soil or any great supply of water, except when growing freely or sending up their flower- spikes. In winter, they should be kept rather on the dry side, to induce partial rest; and an important point is to see that water is not allowed to lie for any length of time in the crown of the plant, as when that is the case it is

likely to cause them to rot.

Æ. calyculata (calycled).* i serene’ borne in close roundish hea En

bri pager pr with red at the an erect scape. with the ends having the aj ce of Brg Brazil,

cut off, but armed with a.sharp spine. h. 9i Syn. Hoplophytum calyc -

Æ. eoolestis (heavenly blue).* | sky bho, i dob Spramidal panicles, on @ sca) T. imula Bar. Taa aig beneath, Drail, 1974.” Brn. Borhan taine

Æ. ceerulescens (bluish). f. bluish. A. lft. South America,

1870. iis pete SDan very Si ive on account of the large

~ athe

Zichmea—continued.

dense head of deep blue and pure white berries which are pro- duced in October. Syn. Lamprococcus coerulescens. €

Æ. discolor (two-coloured-leaved).* ji. scarlet, borne on a loose, branched panicle. June. J. broad, minutely toothed on the | La deep green above, and rather purplish beneath. h. 2ft.

razil, 3 E

Æ. distichantha (two-ranked-flowered).* fl. sepals rose-coloured ;

etals bia me purple; spikes densely clothed with bright 1

racts. Z. long, glaucous, linear-oblong, tapering to a sharp point, — and distinctly armed with reddish brown spines, A. lft. South Brazil, 1852. SYN. Billbergia polystachya.

Æ. exudans (exuding), fl. orange-coloured (exuding a white — greasy substance, whence the specific name) interspersed with green bracts ; scape erect, with scattered crimson lanceolate bracts, terminating in a dense head. J. oblong, spine-margined, grey- coated, h. 2ft. West Indies, 1824. Syn. Hohenbergia capitata.

Æ, fasciata (banded).* fl. scape upright, clothed with leafy bracts — of a rosy-pink colour; each of the pink blossoms in the dense conical head is subtended by a narrow, spiny-edged, similarly- coloured bract, longer than its own. l. broad, recurved, banded with white. Rio Janeiro, 1826, SYN. Billbergia fasciata. Lasts in perfection for a considerable length of time.

Æ, fulgens (glowing).* fi. deep rich red, with a bluish tip, fifty or more in a large branching panicle; scape stout, erect, scarl August, September. J. somewhat sword-shaped, t rather abruptly. Cayenne, 1842. See Fig. 33.

Æ. Furstenbergi (Furstenberg’s). fl. rose; flower spike de with overlapping showy pink bracts, Z. tufted, linear, spinous the edge, recurved. k. 1ft. Bahia, 1879.

Æ. glomerata (glomerate).* jl. violet ; scape erect, stout, 8in. to 10in. high, with glomerate branches of crowded blood-red bracts l. oblong-ligulate, cuspidate, about 18in. long, dull green; margin bat ber a wide-set spines Bahia, 1868. Sy. A ‘Hohendergia ery:

‘achys.

hystrix (bristly).* in very dense, oblo es; floral - leaves and fants La February. l. y a ay Bs ascend

, linear lanceolate, saw-toothed. h. 24ft. Cayenne, 1880. inden’s). jl. yellow, in dense terminal heads, with |

a pà brae SE than eri eht me l HRAT, j

rounded, a) ; margins saw- ; habit tufted. :

South Brasil, 1864. aS Mariæ Reginæ een Maria’s).* i

ing to Selene a On age, be Ci

upper portion of the spike ; scape erect, about 2ft length is clothed with large boat-shaped_ bracts, some

in y rich rose-pink. June, July. Z. 18in. long, with a

habit. Costa Rica, 1873. This is perhaps the best species.

Æ. Melinoni (Melinon’s), fl. bright scarlet, tipped with cylindric; panicle dense, terminal. J. oblong, leathery, 1gin. in length, dark green; margin spiny. South America.

Æ. Ortgiesii (Ortgies’), fl. red, on short spikes, channelled, recurved, spongy, broad at the base, and taperi a point; stem short, gouty. Tropical America, 1800. Ortgiesia tillandsioides.

Æ. paniculigera (panicled). fl. rose-coloured, petals proj beyond the sepals, deep bright tes panicle Be: compo’ : lft. to 2ft. long ; scape reddish, downy, several feet high ; rachides © and bracts rose-coloured. J, ligulate, shortly acuminate. West Indies, 1881.

Æ. spectabilis (notable).* jl, rosy ; calyx fleshy, ovate ; corolla lin. long, rosy crimson. l. spreading, channelled, ligulate, 24ft. long, šin. to 4in. broad, Guatemala, 1875. :

Æ. Veitchii (Veitch’s).* scarlet ; spike densely clothed with — — geared _— closely investi flowers f tufted, eathery in texture, broadly strap-s ee serrulate, A. lft. Columbia, 1877 SYN. Chevalliera Veitchit. EEGICERAS (from aiv, a goat, and keras, a horn;

alluding to the shape of its fruit). ORD. Myrsinaceæ. Small

trees, with obovate entire leaves. Flowers white, fragrant, | in terminal or axillary umbels. The undermentioned is @ —

stout greenhouse evergreen milky shrub, of easy culture, 1

a mixture of sand, loam, and peat. Half-ripened cuttings

root in summer, under a glass, in sand, and in gentle heat.

fragrans (f t white, fragrant ; umbels pedunculat Ca = os roma es l. obovate, margin undulated, an@ — unequally dilated, veiny ; er surface covered with saline €X- crescence. h, 6ft. New Holland, 1824, ZEGIPHILA (from aiz, a goat, and philos, dear; ® favourite with goats). ORD. Verbenacee. Stove orna- mental evergreen shrubs, generally with ovate : acuminate, smooth leaves; and flowers in axillary and terminal panicles. They require a rich sandy loam. Propa- gated from cuttings which will root in sand, under a glass, with bottom heat.

Æ. grandiflora (large-flowered).* fl. yellow, terminal, corymbose; corolla downy. Go toes E compressed, blue. E verti-

t

AN ENCYCLOPADIA

- speties aro probabi a ta Saa am and tists ond ie mob guacrally 90. f ZEGLE (from gle, one of the Hesperides). Bengal - Quince. ORD. Rutacew. A stove evergreen tree, producing very large fruit, which much resembles an orange in general aaikes, very delicious to the taste, and exquisitely fragrant. This genus differs principally from Citrus by its numerous disunited stamens. The pulp of the fruit is an aperient, and a valuable remedy in dysentery, the thick rind and the dried unripe fruit are astringent. It thrives best in a rich loamy soil. Propagated by ripe cuttings, which, if not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand glass, in heat.

Æ. Marmelos (Marmelos). /. hone 7 very f ; panicles ren termi: = P, aaraa led. ` 2. trifolia At leaflets toothletted. h. 10ft.

ÆOLANTHUS ae “cil: to vary, and anthos, a flower ; referring to the variableness of the flowers). ORD. Labiatee.. A genus of few herbs, with thickish leaves. echoed panicled. They thrive in sandy loam, and

from seeds sown in a similar compost.

yo thls eS eg fl. brown. East Africa, 1859. (sweet-scented). ;

AERANTHUS (from aer, air, and anthos, a flower; referring to the habit). ORD. Orchidaceae. A genus com- prising a couple of species of remarkable stove orchids, re- quiring treatment similar to Anguloa, to which it is allied. Æ. —_ae (spider-like). fl. green. J, linear. h. 4in. Mada-

' tyre & ee Gaee. oran aed

ai, granditiora eae green,

AERATION. zea exposure of the soil to the free action of the air, as essential to the growth of plants. DES (from aer, the air; in reference to the these have of deriving their sustenance from the ORD. Orchidacee. An extensive genus of

large,

They are usually tran ts t th apex, and te tht atah GUE MORAG amino dasa the coats bat in ont lone Say le A cylindrical.

spheric moisture to meet their requirements ; and, unless “this is managed, the leaves will shrivel and fall off, leaving only a few at the extremity. Therefore, as soon as the plants are established upon the blocks of wood, let them be removed and potted. Fill the pot three parts full of broken potsherds and lumps of charcoal, and then use ing but clean, living sphagnum, placing a few roots in moss and leaving the others free. By this means a greater amount of moisture can be supplied to them, and beautiful and symmetrical specimens obtained. The 2 a a a a ses ae grown into handsome plants, which

yoran fsha we prefer to ajA shehe the prera that gives a fair amount of flower coupled with good leafage. As before remarked, the Aerides are peculiarly eastern, and therefore are usually classed amongst the orchids which require the hottest houses. This is, in one sense, correct; yet they do not require the great amount of heat which many imagine, and which has, until recently, been given them. must not, therefore, be excluded from the amateur’s collec- tion of orchids, During the winter season many of the species may be kept in a temperature of 58deg. to 60deg.; whilst during the growing season the temperature may run up el ee ee as a free circulation of air and a sufficiency of moisture are secured, The following status of temperature may be observed: In spring, ee ee to 70deg. or 80deg. by day; in

summer, from 70deg. in the night, to 80deg. pe —— the day; in winter, about 60deg. night, and

y-

a related),* J delicuhe tosa, sreneset, As gel om age spikes, which sometimes —_ continuo in bi at the apex the iy gin eg SF aai

a

k aR. aar iie Foa Tada. Social exealiand Gxbibitled poem pe a

A. a. superbum (superb).* with larger z and richer coloured flowers, and pe se Bm

A. Brookii (Sir A. Brooke’s).* dagie white ; — d bright purples and > ly very ornamental, of a glaucous (milky green) hue, ig species, although one of the handsomest, is very rare.

A. crassifolinm (thick-leaved).* Thisis a dwarf, densely-habited plant, with broad, thick, pupie anid = ae bares. = flowers, which are ‘borne on long ice dey

are— er than those aleat w form, dapet a the segments ilpped um, whl

the centre or ae Be the Fas toi ie ivory-w’ og with A. falcatum, th rt is here bent under at an fo ee ee the side lnciniss of the By Aro broader and shorter the present plant, and the two on the

Fic. 34. FLOWER OF AERIDES CRISPUM,

A. crispum (crisp).* 4. white, suffused with purplish rose, 2in. in s mrri. sepals and petals dvate, acute; lip — lol the middle lobe being very large, toothed’ at the base, and fi at the margin; the horn-like spur is slightly incurved ; ascending, more than double the length of the leaves, | flowered, l deep green, | flat and broad, blunt at the ends, a two-lobed, about 4in. or Sin, long. Bombay, 1840. Lasts a time in beauty. See Fig. 34.

A. ec. Lindleyanum j emer by A w

producing a large much Pi petals white, and a large, bright, rich, rose eared pe

A. c. Warneri (Warner’s).* The leaves are smaller, and slender than in the species, the sepals and petals are ‘white, with a a soft, rich, rose-coloured 1 lip. :

A. oe pals and a ae ES eres longs ns thane ae

alpan 5 ĝin. to 6in. Ag and distinct

“$2 THE DICTIONARY

OF GARDENING,

Aerides—continued. A. difforme (deformed). ^. green and brown. India, 1865. Dominiana (Dominy’s).* This is a garden hybrid between A. Fieldingii and A. afine, with the colour of the former, but markings and shape of the latter. Very rare.

A. falcatum (sickle-leaved).* fl, sepals and petals white, dotted with reddish crimson, and tipped with soft rose ; lip white at the sides, with a rosy-crimson centre ; spur short, parallel with the lip ; racemes pendulous, many flowered, J. closely set upon the

m, peculiar blue-green, coriaceous, obtuse and mucronate. This species is very closely allied to A. crass; olium. SYN. A. Larpente,

Fic. 35, AERIDES ODORATUM.

> agii (Fiel s).* The Fox-brush Ærides. f. white, mp eE e, beauti jan gouei, _ apie reee, cifou the 1 è , and continue bl - Te Fup sce four weeks, + Jio. to 10in. long, in some inate $ A een + fleshy, obliquely two-lobed at the apex.’ A Sft, to att, yon s

A. Houlletianum (Houllet’s).* jl, sepals off into cream white at ihata wine a = caged ronding

_ tips ; lip white ; front part dark purplish, with -~ same colour on the sides ; on Tortai rowdod sale ¢ os _ growth similar to A, virens. Cochin Syn, = Mendelii,

oS ale (Japanese),* white, with the lateral sepal = eed with brown A le; "several yo

Lee the nt

racemes > purple, spotted, marked a dark violet : ridge. hin linear-oblong, obtusely bilobed. Disdik shack, about 4in. high. A pretty house species from Japan, 1862.

= re ea nena ted ream Synonymous with A. faleatum. : Lobbii (Lobb’s).* fl. white in the centre, slightly tinted blush. towards Ea akisi, pesani ar spotted with a

`A. m. Schroederi (Schræder’s).* A

is “marked with a whitish central bar,and tained witha deep vialha `

Aerides—continued.

either side; on long, dense, cylindrical, pendent spikes. l ligulate, obliquely two-lobed at the apex, thick and fleshy in texture, abou 18in. long, and of a light green hue. Moulmein, 1868. Thi elegant pga of which many distinct varieties are in cultivation, is one of the most delicate of the genus.

A. maculosum (spotted). 7. large, with obtuse pale rose-coloured © sepals and petals, which are spotted with purple; lip flat and undivided, bluntly ovate, and of a deep rosy-purple ; racemes

endulous, proceeding from among the upper leaves, somewhat ax and branching. č. ligulate, thick, and fleshy, obtuse at apex, 8in. or 9in. long, dark green. A somewhat slow growing species, with a rather stiff, dwarf habit. Bombay, 1840. very delicate white, tinged with lilac and spotted with rose ; labellum beautiful rose coloured, l. dark green, 10in. long. h. 18in. East Indies. A very free growing and handsome variety, superior to the species, but rare in cultivation, A. Mendelii (Mendel’s). Synonymous with 4. Woulletianum.

A. mitratum (mitred).* fl. waxy-white; lip violet coloured, on numerous dense erect racemes. April. Jl. cylindrical, attenuated, about 2ft. long, dark green. Moulmein, 1864. A rare but elegant species,

A. nobile (noble).* fl. sepalsand petals white tipped, and spot with bright rose; lip three-lobed, the side lobes creamy yellow, and the middle lobe slightly bifid at the apex, white, dotted with rose-purple, very fragrant ; racemes 2ft. to 3ft. long, pendulous, — much branched, many flowered. 1. strap-shaped, obliquely emar- ginate at the apex, light green, slightly spotted with brown. No unlike <A, suavissimum, but with a we and better colo flowers, and more robust growth, East Indies,

A. odontochilum (tooth-lipped). h. 2ft. Sylhet, 1837.

A, odoratum (fragrant).* jl. sepals and petals creamy and white, tipped with pink ; lip cucullate, with even side lobes, the middle lobe being ovate and infiexed, the spur conical and neurved, of the same colour as the ap, very fragrant ; racemes longer t the leaves, many-flowered, pendulous. J. oblique, obtuse, mucro- nate at the apex, and dark green, East Indies, 1800. An old favourite. See Fig. 35.

4 < cornutum (horned). Distinct in growth. A. pink and ter).* Like A. odoratum in growth, but with

+ ree

er spike of flowers,

A. o. pu lish).* — bi dar! leaves massive | are white, with bright pink. —

pachyphyllum (thick-leaved). fl. light crimson lake; spur and column white, the small laciniæ of the blade of the lip on front part of spur painted with more or less warn purple (these laciniz are just as insignificant as the spur is preponderant); raceme short, few-flowered. J. fleshy, short ; apex obtuse and un- equally two-lobed, Burmah, 1880.

A. quinquevulnerum (five-wounded).* Jl. fragrant ; sepals and petals obtuse, white, marked with five reddish crimson blotches, and gl with purple ; lip cucullate and funnel shaped, the side lobes being erect and the centre lobe oblong, incurved and serrated, of the same colour as the sepals; spur conical, green,’ large; racemes longer than the leaves, pendulous, and many- flowered. Late summer and early autumn. 1, ligulate, about 12in. long, tightly clasping the stem at the base, obliquely mucronate at the apex, bright shining green. Philippines, 1

A. q. Farmeri (Farmer’s).* A very rare variety of the above, with similar habit and growth, but the flowers are pure white throughout, and fragrant. Se ‘

A. Reichenbachii (Reichenbach’s).* fl. sepalsneatly striped (not blotched); lip deep orange colour; racemes densely peo Borneo, 1858. A very rare species, :

A. roseum ssn en fl. sepal and petals narrow, acute r pale rose colour, with darker spots ; lip flat, entire, and acute, 0 a bright rose, freckled—like the sepals and petals—with spots of @ darker hue ; raceme pendulous, dense, and many flowered, a gee ; of a foot in length. l. coriaceous, recurved, and channelle a with a blunt two-lobed apex, Moulmein, 1840. As this does nob root freely, it requires less moisture than any other species.

A. r. superbum (superb).* A fine vari with stronger growth, and larger and richer coloured flowers. è spikes of this, piel as the typical species, are apt to die off if m water is given. —

tals obtusely ovate,

um (sweetest), fl. sepals and out with deep lilac; lip tho

A. suavissim white, tipped or tinged through lobed, pressed to the column, the side lobes being obli denticulate, the middle lobe linear and bifid, the whole lip being

of a pale lemon colour, and the spur rosy-eyed ; ; ra ia long, light

racemes are half pendulous and branch

deliciously t flowers. l feed, honk "oin. green, profusely freckled with brown dots. Malacca, 1848. are one or two varieties. Te

A, tesselatum ag uered). fl. lined and streaked with greet white, and purple. Indies, 1838. A scarce species. _

A. testaceum (testaceous). Synonymous with Vanda testaced.

A. vandarum (Vanda). Synonymous with A. cylindricum. _

AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE.

Aerides— continued. : A. virens (vigorous). fl. rey fragrant; sepals and petals ovate, obtuse, softwhite, ti rosy-purple ; Up large; side lobes toothed at the ages, white, d dotted with erkuson? middle lobe lobo hearing, a red infla ag ami. racemes long, drooping, showered, commencing to bloom early in April, and last-

jog wash a broad, oblique, rounded at the apex, with the centre, and very bright green, about 8in.

Peg v. cong’ Ellis’s).* fl. sepals and petals large, white, suffused with rose tipped with poate on kerk the lower sepals very round and broad ; H p ge; side lobes'white, beautifully freckled towards the base, with short lines of amethyst ; middle lobe broad, and deep rich amethyst in colour; spur stout, curved upwards, and tipped with brown ; racemes about 18in. long, bedi generally

from thirty to forty, or more, large flowers. 2, pale green, A splendid variety.

A. Wightianum. See Vanda testacea,

A. Williamsii (Williams’s).* fl. delicate pinkish white,

duced in great abundance ; spikes 2ft. to 3ft. l. broad, dark green, species,

AEROBION. See Angrecum.

= — E Plants that are grown entirely in | the air. $ ÆSCHYNANTHUS (from aischuno, to be ashamed, and anthos, a flower). ORD.. Gesneraceæ. ake genus of very beautiful twining, radicant, or para- sitical stove shrubs, with naag simple, entire leaves, and few flowered, umbellate pe- duncles. They possess all the quali- fications worthy of extensive cultiva- tion — handsome flowers, fine deep green leaves, an agreeable fragrance, i and are easily grown on blocks, which ; must be covered with green moss, fastened on with small copper wire. Preparatory to fastening them on, Í the roots should be covered with moss, RE: T: E A TE plants secured to the block | also by wire. After this, but little atten- tion is requisite, except duly syringing and occasionally dipping in tepid water. As pot plants they are very beautiful, and in this method perfection is only obtained by growing them on fast and strong by generous treatment, which consists in frequently re-potting in light rich compost till they are large enough to be trained up a trellis, formed of slender rods of willow or hazel. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. The former are very ; the latter root readily during spring in a well-drained pot, filled with a light com- post, and having a surface of pure white sand, about lin. deep. The best are obtained from half-ripened wood, cut into 2in. or 3in. lengths, and all leaves, with the exception of one or two at the top, removed. The cuttings should then be covered over with a bell glass, and placed in moderate bottom heat. So soon as rooted, transfer them singly to small pots, and again place under hand glasses, until they are thoroughly established, then gradually harden off. When about twelve months old, place the plants in their permanent quarters. Baskets are commonly and very effectively employed. Line these with moss, and fill with a light rich compost; place the plant as near the centre as possible, and, to promote a uniform growth, fasten down the branches with small neat pegs, at equal distances. ; the summer, give copious supplies of water, to produce a liberal growth, which is of the utmost importance the first season, when they should not be permitted to

flower. The following winter they should be kept cool and rather dry, thus giving

ong, and bran drooping. A very scarce and pretty

- them a rest. The year following, if properly bar 9 they will bloom profusely. * =. Tong, cynical a ae Roe el corolla 1,in.

wered. wa Ye a uneqi vanega te ar

Æschynanthus—continued. Æ. Aucklandi (Lord Auckland’s). Synonymous with Æ. spe- _ etosus,

Æ. Boschianus (Bosch’s).* fl rigs omg clustered ; corolla tubular, with ae throat; calyx tubular, sm purplish. brown, July. J, ovate, obtuse, entire. A. lft. ‘ava, 1844.

See Fig. 36.

Æ. cordifolius (heart-leaved).* dee striped with black, inside of the mio orange, m, pcan de | 8 date, quite smooth, dark green on the upper side, paler below. h. 1ft. Borneo, 1858.

Æ. shining).* ht crimson, Fi lo er and the i ar ae of tre “ae coe vd heirs: I) ae Resa r thick umbels, EAE h. lft. acumina and fleshy, green. East Indies, 1855. .

tops. equal; umbels many wered, og L g -lanceo- ted, serrated, obscurely-nery: green, h. 6ft. — see :

Æ. javanicus (Ja A, bright red, , stained with yellow in the 5 amet "ena downy, ta ie Aik ppr Aggama n J ova veins, a

a Plant scandent. ag

Lobbianus pre Pl ste .

jl. rich scarlet; calyx large, cam- “aia corolla corms terminal, bractente Pinus ii

June.

entire, “on slightly’ sores

Fic. 36. ASSCHYNANTHUS BOSCHIANUS,

a Se ao scat eat re a

Æ. longifiorus with a long as curved tu E

mouth; u lobe bifid. Sanik. broad. entire. Java, 1845. Plant pendulous.

Æ. miniatus (vermilion).* fl. rich vermilion ; corolla tomentose ; upper lip bilo enue rtite ; peduncles axillary, three- flowered, June, l oval entire. h. 14ft. Java, 1845.

Syn. Æ. radicans. Æ. pulcher (showy).* oe scarlet; corolla three times larger than tho ive Fg! brag terminal, bracteate. June. 4 ovate, obscurely tio. ava, 1845. Scandent.

Æ. radicans (stem-fibred). Synonymous with Æ. miniatus.

Æ. speciosus (showy).* jl. rich orange-coloured ; corolla with __ long clavate curved tube, and obliquely four-lobed limb; farant lobe bifid, terminal, numerous, downy. Summer. l u De always verticillate, ‘ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, slight, pelo h. 2ft. Java, 1845. SYN. Æ. Aucklandi. a

Æ. splendidus (splendid).* fi. bright acarik spotted wiih oie black in terminal fascicles.

on the margins; corolla clavate, 3in. long, in F Summer, lasting in perfection for a considerable time. l ag r ; ar. Mrema acuminated, entire, rather undulated. A. lft. Hy- Æ. tricolor (three-coloured).* fi. deep blood red, usually : throat and base of the lobes bright omnes, the three upper lobes being striped with krep July. cordate, dark green above, aler on the under side ; — ME. surface, and stem, slightly iry. k. lft. Borneo, 1

Æ. bo potapa ashesi ñ., green, brown. Autumn. Java,

ZSCHYNOMENE mere yma be ashamed) ;

ted, glaucous, Java, 1846, fee

e. 34

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

Zischynomene—continued. : ORD. Leguminose. Stove herbs and shrubs, with impari- pinnate leaves, having many pairs of leaflets, and axillary racemes of usually yellow flowers. They thrive well in a good rich loam. Propagated by cuttings, placed in sand under a bell glass, in a brisk heat. Seeds of the herbaceous ‘species require a good heat to start them into growth. The annuals are not worth growing. There are about forty other species known besides those mentioned, some of which may prove worthy of cultivation when introduced into this country.

Æ. (rough-stemmed), fl. yellow; racemes compound ; peduncles, bracteas, calyces, and corollas, hispid. June. l. with thirty to forty pairs of linear leaflets, which are smooth as well as

the legumes. Stem herbaceous, perennial, erect. h. 6ft. to 8ft. East Indies, 1759.

Æ. sensitiva (sensitive).* f. white; legumes and racemes glabrous; peduncles branched, few-flowered. June. 1, with sixteen to twenty p= of linear leaflets. h. 3ft. to 6ft. Stem shrubby, smooth. Jamaica, 1733. This species requires a sandy soil. Shrub.

ÆSCULUS (a name given by Pliny to a kind of oak having an edible fruit; derived from esca, nourish- ment). The Horse Chestnut. ORD. Sapindacee. A genus of hardy showy trees, well